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This work aimed to investigate the feasibility of targeted contrast agent (CA) based on dextran\u2010coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs\u2010DEX) for TILs detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. To do so, we synthesized an MRI CA by conjugating SPIONs\u2010DEX to an anti\u2010CD3 monoclonal antibody via cyanogen bromide as a cross\u2010linker. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> assessments demonstrated the higher labeling efficiency of the developed CA to CD3+ lymphocytes compared to SPIONs\u2010DEX. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> MRI of a xenograft model of CD3+ lymphocytes revealed the significant signal loss after the intravenous injection of the bioconjugate by \u223c34\u2009% and 21\u2009% in T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>*\u2010weighted and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted images, respectively. The histopathological evaluation of xenograft tumors confirmed the labeling of lymphocytes by the targeted CA. This approach could open up a new horizon in the non\u2010invasive assessment of TILs to identify patients eligible for immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202100708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T15:33:56Z","timestamp":1647704036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumor\u2010Infiltrating Lymphocytes by Anti\u2010CD3\u2010Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3770-9713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negin","family":"Pournoori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Biomarker Imaging and Analysis Group Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Oghabian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Biomarker Imaging and Analysis Group Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasoul","family":"Irajirad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finetech in Medicine Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samad","family":"Muhammadnejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Therapy Research Center Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Dr. Shariati Hospital  Jalal Al-e Ahmad Hwy Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center Gene, Cell &amp; Tissue Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Science  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Delavari H.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering Tarbiat Modares University  P.O. 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