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Both peptides can form spontaneous oligomers in the nanomolar concentration, leading to the formation of nanostructures. In other protein\u2010related diseases, oligomers and aggregates are central in their pathomechanism; therefore, it was hypothesized that the oligomerization of proteolytical\u2010resistant 33\u2010mer gliadin peptides could be an underrecognized disease trigger. This review focuses on the current understanding of 33\u2010mer peptides and their oligomers in\u2005vitro and cellular experiments. We intend to give the necessary details that incentivize the chemistry community to get involved in the effort to understand the self\u2010assembly of gliadin peptides and the role of their supramolecular structures in CeD and the other GRD. More research is needed to design effective and safe chemical and\/or nutritional interventions beyond the gluten\u2010free diet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202400789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T07:35:38Z","timestamp":1733384138000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Oligomerization of 33\u2010mer Gliadin Peptides: Supramolecular Assemblies in Celiac Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7937-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica I.","family":"Dodero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University  Universit\u00e4tsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8874-7410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda G.","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine Ruhr University Bochum  Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/fnr.v60.30324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v66.8472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2021.104318"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31796-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28353-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2021.1907755"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1651689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-021-00856-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/open.201700197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061516-045115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.22288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020635"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01390-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastre.2022.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5030771"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311964"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.\u2005H.\u2005R. 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