{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:17:23Z","timestamp":1791591443435,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemMedChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tuberculosis remains a leading global health threat, exacerbated by the emergence of multi\u2010drug\u2010resistant strains. The search for novel therapeutic agents is critical in addressing this challenge. This review systematically summarizes the potential of oxadiazole derivatives as promising candidates in antimycobacterial drug discovery. We focus on various classes of oxadiazoles, especially 1,2,3\u2010oxadiazoles, 1,2,4\u2010oxadiazoles, and 1,2,5\u2010s in structure\u2010activity relationship studies are discussed, emphasizing the mechanisms of antimycobacterial action. Additionally, the synergistic potential of 1,2,4\u2010oxadiazoles in enhancing the efficacy of existing tuberculosis treatment with ethionamide is also discussed. By integrating insights from recent research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of oxadiazoles in the fight against tuberculosis, paving the way for future investigations and the development of effective therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202400971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T05:38:24Z","timestamp":1737610704000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Systematic Review on 1,2,3\u2010Oxadiazoles, 1,2,4\u2010Oxadiazoles, and 1,2,5\u2010Oxadiazoles in the Antimycobacterial Drug Discovery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8656-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Ku\u010derov\u00e1\u2010Chlup\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9  Akademika Heyrovsk\u00e9ho 1203\/8 50003 Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","unstructured":"WHO \u201cWHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2024\u201d can be found underhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2024 2025 (accessed 17 January 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm2013248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.202200123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"150","volume-title":"Heterocyclic Chemistry at a Glance","author":"Joule J. A.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","first-page":"734","volume-title":"Handbook of heterocyclic Chemistry","author":"Katritzky A. R.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00397911.2013.798666"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21577\/1984-6835.20220058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11094-006-0017-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00397911.2023.2256008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14276"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"7632","volume":"5","author":"Somashekhar M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indo Am. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(01)96543-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557516666160211120835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570178617666191220115426"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","first-page":"1299","volume":"12","author":"Aggarwal S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-022-11969-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2019.06.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112886"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","first-page":"1124","volume":"5","author":"Arshad M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm.l Sci. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","first-page":"177","volume":"25","author":"Santhanalakshmi K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. J. Chem. Environ."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmcr.2024.100150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5530\/ijper.53.2s.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2015.11.017"},{"issue":"42","key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"7134","volume":"9","author":"Pandey A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ol200234r"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cn300064r"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm060217p"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202200638"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2725(08)60852-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3184\/030823401103169603"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","first-page":"243","author":"Katritzky A. R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry III 1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10593-017-2154-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b908937c"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557514666140329200745"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 116","author":"Pace A.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13060111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00304a042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.6.3.268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(79)90068-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mencom.2022.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11094-006-0131-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","first-page":"211","volume":"43","author":"Pancechowska-Ksepko D.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Pol. Pharm."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm000350w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202204093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11030-023-10790-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2015.05.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.01.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2011.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2012.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA23282A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b01542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2015.11.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.748822"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2018.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2021.102104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-019-00245-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86562-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.01.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-020-02505-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2021.1900162"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c01514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00592"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","first-page":"20","volume":"220","author":"Oliveira V. N. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","first-page":"14","volume":"13","author":"Ho V. Q. T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomol. Eng."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002259"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2012.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M003744200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cb100177g"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag1006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.17.9677"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm200076a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110751200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2004.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2005.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2013.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1950"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2012.724397"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm200825u"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05453-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.04.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2018.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016001876"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800663105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","first-page":"15","volume":"24","author":"Halder S. K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Tuberc. Other Mycobacterial Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1070\/RCR4619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10593-019-02593-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11172-019-2503-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00397911.2016.1213295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557053402864"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10593-017-2135-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.9b00295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2016.06.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2016.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2010.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00905"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2016.07.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b01332"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202000899"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_2","unstructured":"Stop TB Partnership \u201cDrugs\u201d can be found underhttps:\/\/www.stoptb.org\/ 2024 (accessed 21 January 2025);"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_2","unstructured":"TB Alliance \u201cR&D Pipeline\u201d can be found underhttps:\/\/www.tballiance.org\/ 2025 (accessed 21 January 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","unstructured":"T. Gangadharaiah\u2005Shruthi G. Sambasivam S. Eswaran S. Narayananan RK. Shandil P. Kaur V. Potluri (Foundation for Neglected Disease Research) WO2019\/243971A1 2019(can be found underhttps:\/\/worldwide.espacenet.com\/patent\/search\/family\/068982761\/publication\/WO2019243971A1?q=pn%3DWO2019243971)."}],"container-title":["ChemMedChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cmdc.202400971","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T17:50:03Z","timestamp":1760291403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cmdc.202400971"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cmdc.202400971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cmdc.202400971","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1860-7179","1860-7187"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1860-7179","type":"print"},{"value":"1860-7187","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202400971"}}