{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T22:23:40Z","timestamp":1787783020755,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014824","name":"Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemMedChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In the pursuit of novel therapeutic agents for cancer treatment, a series of styryl\u2010spirooxindole\u2010based carboxamide derivatives are designed and synthesized, targeting dual inhibition of tubulin polymerization and VEGFR\u20102 kinase. Among the synthesized compounds,\n                    <jats:bold>9j<\/jats:bold>\n                    demonstrates remarkable potency against A549 (lung cancer) cell line with an IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    value of 0.89\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14\u2009\u03bcM. The efficacy of\n                    <jats:bold>9j<\/jats:bold>\n                    is significantly surpassed by that of the standard drugs colchicine (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.66\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16\u2009\u03bcM) and sunitinib (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.98\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u2009\u03bcM). Furthermore, compound\n                    <jats:bold>9j<\/jats:bold>\n                    exhibits 66% growth inhibition in HUVEC cells with an IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    value of 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u2009\u03bcM, as assessed by the MTT assay. Mechanistic studies confirm the apoptotic activity of compound\n                    <jats:bold>9j<\/jats:bold>\n                    , as evidenced by its ability to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and promote apoptosis. Further, the apoptosis is quantified through Annexin V\/PI dual staining assay. Additionally, enzymatic assays highlight the dual inhibitory activity of\n                    <jats:bold>9j<\/jats:bold>\n                    against tubulin polymerization (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.1\u2009\u03bcM) and VEGFR\u20102 kinase (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.95\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u2009\u03bcM). In continuation, the anti\u2010angiogenic effect of\n                    <jats:bold>9j<\/jats:bold>\n                    is also evaluated by CAM assay. Moreover, molecular docking studies also reveal critical binding interactions within the active sites of both targets. Pharmacokinetic evaluations using QikProp and SwissADME tools further underscore the drug\u2010like properties of compound\n                    <jats:bold>9j<\/jats:bold>\n                    , strengthening its potential as a lead molecule. This comprehensive study indicates that compound\n                    <jats:bold>9j<\/jats:bold>\n                    is a promising lead in the realm of dual\u2010targeting anti\u2010cancer strategies, warranting further development and optimization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202500634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T21:15:28Z","timestamp":1762204528000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Styryl\u2010Spirooxindole Carboxamides as Potential Tubulin and VEGFR\u20102 Dual Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sowmya","family":"Dastari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)  Hyderabad 500037 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