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With the rapid development of nanoscience, nanomolecular probes exhibit tuneable structure, modifiable surface and excellent biocompatibility, and their responsive properties have gradually become an ideal medium for connecting molecular pathological changes and image visualisation. This review reveals that functionalised nanoprobes responsive to disease microenvironment\u2010specific signals (e.g., reactive oxygen species, enzymes, pH, metal ions, etc.) can enable the visualisation and tracking of molecular events in liver diseases, thereby promoting the shift of diagnostic paradigm from traditional morphological assessment to precise identification at the functional and molecular levels. This article not only systematically reviews the latest application progress of responsive nanoprobes in liver disease diagnosis, but also demonstrates their great potential to shift the diagnostic paradigm from macro\u2010anatomy to micro\u2010molecule. 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