{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T16:49:55Z","timestamp":1784652595537,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemMedChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Limiting the action of antimicrobials by employing photoswitchable antibiotics holds immense potential to combat the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. These photoswitchable antibiotics are expected to be less\/nontoxic in their thermally stable states than the light\u2010induced metastable forms, such that after treatment with the active isomer, the drug toxicity will be automatically reduced or drastically lost after excretion from human and animal bodies into the environment. However, the design of such light\u2010sensitive antibiotics has proven to be very challenging. Most of the previously reported azo\u2010based ciprofloxacin derivatives exhibited diminished potency with the light\u2010induced\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    state. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of azoheteroarene\u2010ciprofloxacin conjugates, which exhibited higher antimicrobial potency by the\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010isomer than the\n                    <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010isomer against Gram\u2010positive and Gram\u2010negative pathogens. The potency was tuned by varying molecular design. All conjugates displayed a high degree of bidirectional photoisomerization, long\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    half\u2010lives, and impressive photofatigue resistance. Notably, the conjugate\n                    <jats:bold>AAP\u20102\u2010Cip<\/jats:bold>\n                    carrying a flexible linker and pyrazole at the exterior of arylazopyrazole furnished the highest activity difference of 2.5\u2010fold between two isomers, and the\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isomer of\n                    <jats:bold>ABP\u2010Cip<\/jats:bold>\n                    showed 1.7\u2010fold increased potency than ciprofloxacin. Docking studies revealed different binding affinities for two isomers with the DNA gyrase. The molecular design concept unfolded herein may be applied to other antibiotics to transform them into potent photoswitchable antibiotics for suppressing the growth of antibiotic\u2010resistant pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202501061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T05:40:10Z","timestamp":1776577210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Azo(bis)pyrazole\u2010Ciprofloxacin Conjugates: Tuning Photopharmacological Performance Through Structural Engineering"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Supriya","family":"Bhunia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Calcutta  Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh Kumar","family":"Jana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Calcutta  Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debashmita","family":"Guha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Calcutta  Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samrat","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta  Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7752-0982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukhendu","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Calcutta  Kolkata West Bengal 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