{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T02:47:44Z","timestamp":1782096464758,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemMedChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An important micronutrient exerting multiple health benefits, boron is a trace element with high potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, allergic diseases, and cancer. Biochemistry and biomedical studies restarted in the early 1990s first unveiled antioxidant, anti\u2010inflammatory, nootropic, anticancer, and antigenotoxic properties of borates including borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate), boric acid and boron esters at low dosage, and then clearly established hormetic response of these compounds. New clinical studies conducted in the last 5 years (2020\u20132025) identified new potential use of borates in biomedicine and nutraceuticals, ranging from dietary supplement for bone, joint, and hormone health through new treatments for diabetic foot ulcer. The study offers a critical retrospective analysis of borates in biomedicine starting from Lister's discovery of boric acid powerful antiseptic properties in 1875. The analysis teaches an important lesson to researchers working at identifying novel therapeutic agents and to research policy managers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.70332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:45:42Z","timestamp":1780321542000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Borates in Biomedicine: A Retrospective Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5096-329X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Pagliaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati CNR  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna Li","family":"Petri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati CNR  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9226-4748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Angellotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati CNR  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6596-1572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosaria","family":"Ciriminna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati CNR  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011\u2010018\u20101284\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011\u2010026\u201005062\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19010081"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874841401003010036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899\u20109007(00)00324\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.5045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205078"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_1457_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2010.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"488","article-title":"Borax, Boric acid, and Boron \u2010 from exotic to commodity","volume":"12","author":"Wisniak J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Chemical Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0607-2_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Nothing Boring about Boron","volume":"4","author":"Pizzorno L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Integrative medicine (Encinitas)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2020.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127594"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(02)46763\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"120","article-title":"Practical Papers on the Materials of the Antiseptic Method of Treatment. Part II on Boracic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Chloride of Zinc and Iodoform","volume":"13","author":"Beatson G.","year":"1880","journal-title":"Glasgow Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.2852.318"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","unstructured":"J.Patton \u201cDakin's Solution: the Recipe for Turning Dirty Wounds into Clean Wounds. Medicine in the First World War \u201d Kansas University Medical Center Kansas City (KS) 2024 accessed May 4 2026 https:\/\/www.kumc.edu\/school\u2010of\u2010medicine\/academics\/departments\/history\u2010and\u2010philosophy\u2010of\u2010medicine\/archives\/wwi\/essays\/medicine\/dakins\u2010solution.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1945.02860390018004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2023.32.10.686"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/2807070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.1346322"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13675"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2023.127261"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1475584"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/njppp.2015.5.0809201576"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/jeim.101112.or.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/jice.20161204021549"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190\u20109622(82)70149\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0b013e32832d8516"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563658608992592"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735\u20106757(88)90001\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24734306.2026.2645472"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Human Toxicology of Boron with Special Reference to Boric Acid Poisoning","volume":"9","author":"Locatelli C.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Giornale Italiano Di Medicina Del Lavoro"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887\u2010025\u201006254\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110432"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2007.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b04069"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2004.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011\u2010011\u20109094\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2021.6661"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","unstructured":"VDF FutureCeuticals accessed Jan 21 2026 https:\/\/www.fruitex\u2010b.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011\u2010015\u20100590\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011\u2010013\u20109800\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011\u2010011\u20109083\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14738\/aivp.111.13884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jarcp.2018.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6000\/1929\u20105634.2013.02.01.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","volume-title":"Calcium Fructoborate Market by Form (Powder, Capsule, Tablet, Liquid), Application (Dietary Supplements, Functional Food & Beverages, Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics & Personal Care, and Others), Distribution Channel (Online Stores, Supermarkets\/Hypermarkets, Specialty Stores, and Others), End\u2010User (Adults, Children, Elderly), and Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa) \u2013 Global Industry Analysis, Growth, Share, Size, Trends, and Forecast 2025\u20102033","author":"Research Intelo","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3431965"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-5382-5_25"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2022.112027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2024.105897"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30728\/boron.1743964"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70740"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health Office for Dietary Supplements Boron. Fact Sheet for Health Professional nih.gov Bethesda (MD): 2022 accessed May 4 2026 https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Boron\u2010HealthProfessional\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15761\/IFNM.1000170"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","first-page":"472","article-title":"Trace Element Analysis in Hair: Factors Determining Accuracy, Precision, and Reliability","volume":"6","author":"Bass D. A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alternative Medicine Review : A Journal of Clinical Therapeutic"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2017.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2019.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Science and Technology Awareness in Europe: New Insights","author":"L\u00e9vy\u2010Leblond J.\u2010M.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2018.12.001"}],"container-title":["ChemMedChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cmdc.70332","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cmdc.70332","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cmdc.70332","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T02:11:04Z","timestamp":1782094264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cmdc.70332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cmdc.70332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cmdc.70332","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1860-7179","1860-7187"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1860-7179","type":"print"},{"value":"1860-7187","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70332"}}