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Thio\u2010heterocyclic naphthalimide\u2010based PSs are particularly attractive as phototheranostic agents, combining fluorescence imaging for diagnosis with reactive oxygen species (ROS)\u2010mediated cytotoxicity for treatment. However, no effective conjugation strategy for simultaneously endowing naphthalimides with water solubility and efficient ROS production ability currently exists. Herein, novel water\u2010soluble, heavy atom\u2010free thioxanthene\u2010fused naphthalimide\u2013polyamine conjugates\n                    <jats:bold>1\u20134<\/jats:bold>\n                    have been developed. Structural variation in the polyamine moiety, including chain length and nitrogen content, allowed the fine\u2010tuning of key properties. Conjugates\n                    <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                    exhibited (i) favorable photophysical and fluorescent properties, (ii) enhanced water solubility, (iii) improved photodynamic efficacy against MCF\u20107 breast cancer cells, and (iv) negligible dark toxicity. This novel class of thioxanthene\u2010fused naphthalimide\u2013polyamine conjugates provides a promising conjugation strategy for improving the drug\u2010like properties of PSs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.70403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:59:28Z","timestamp":1786496368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel Water\u2010Soluble, Heavy Atom\u2010Free Thioxanthene\u2010Fused Naphthalimide\u2013Polyamine Phototheranostic Conjugates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0990-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Uliassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Alma Mater Studiorum \u2010 University of Bologna  Bologna 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