{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:28:16Z","timestamp":1787772496986,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt of India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/RLF\/Re\u2010Entry\/40\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/RLF\/Re\u2010Entry\/40\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemMedChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Protein aggregation is implicated in several human diseases and presents an important challenge in the development of stable protein therapeutics. Here, we examine how macromolecular crowding affects insulin amyloid aggregation using polyethylene glycol, Dextran\u201070, and PVP\u201010, including binary and ternary mixtures. Aggregation was assessed by Thioflavin\u2010T fluorescence and supported by circular dichroism and atomic force microscopy. PEG 10K showed a biphasic response, with increased ThT intensity at low concentration and markedly reduced signals at higher concentrations, whereas PEG 1, 4, and 6K were largely inhibitory across the tested range. At higher concentration of 100\u2009mg\/mL, both Dextran\u201070 and PVP\u201010 exhibited reduced ThT intensity, although Dextran\u201070 showed higher beta\u2010sheet content than PVP\u201010, as revealed from CD spectroscopic analysis. In mixed crowder systems, Dextran\u201070 containing binary mixtures produced high ThT signals among the tested binary combinations, while PVP\u201010\u2010containing mixtures showed lower \u03b2\u2010sheet content and short fibrillar structures. Among ternary mixtures, PEG 1K + PEG 10K + PVP\u201010 produced the lowest aggregation\u2010associated response. Rheology was consistent with a viscosity\u2010linked contribution at higher PEG concentrations, and docking provided supportive, qualitative comparison of crowder\u2013insulin surface contacts. These findings demonstrate\u00a0that insulin aggregation responses depend on crowder identity, molecular weight, concentration, and mixture composition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.70445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T04:26:30Z","timestamp":1787199990000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Crowding Effects on Insulin Aggregation Using Synthetic and Mixed Crowders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Satya Ranjan","family":"Pallai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli (NIPER\u2010R)  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 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