{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T04:33:45Z","timestamp":1777782825017,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]],"date-time":"2014-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant-in-Aid from The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and National Science Foundation under the Japan-US cooperative Science Program (2009-2010)"},{"name":"The Japanese Foundation for Research and Promotion of Endoscopy (JFE, 2013)"},{"name":"The National Cancer Institute","award":["R01 CA160700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA160700"]}]},{"name":"The Science Research Promotion Fund from The Promotion and Mutual Aid Corporation for Private Schools of Japan (2011-2012)"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contrast Media &amp; Molecular"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We have been investigating an imaging agent that enables real\u2010time and accurate diagnosis of early colorectal cancer at the intestinal mucosa by colonoscopy. The imaging agent is peanut agglutinin\u2010immobilized polystyrene nanospheres with surface poly(<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010vinylacetamide) chains encapsulating coumarin 6. Intracolonically\u2010administered lectin\u2010immobilized fluorescent nanospheres detect tumor\u2010derived changes through molecular recognition of lectin for the terminal sugar of cancer\u2010specific antigens on the mucosal surface. The focus of the present study was to evaluate imaging abilities of the nanospheres in animal models that reflect clinical environments. We previously developed an orthotopic mouse model with human colorectal tumors growing on the mucosa of the descending colon to better resemble the clinical disease. The entire colon of the mice in the exposed abdomen was monitored in real time with an <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> imaging apparatus. Fluorescence from the nanospheres was observed along the entire descending colon after intracolonical administration from the anus. When the luminal side of the colon was washed with phosphate\u2010buffered saline, most of the nanospheres were flushed. However, fluorescence persisted in areas where cancer cells were implanted. Histological evaluation demonstrated that tumors were present in the mucosal epithelia where the nanospheres fluoresced. In contrast, no fluorescence was observed when control mice, without tumors were tested. The lectin\u2010immobilized fluorescent nanospheres were tumor\u2010specific and remained bound to tumors even after vigorous washing. The nanospheres nonspecifically bound to normal mucosa were easily removed through mild washing. These results indicate that the nanospheres combined with colonoscopy, will be a clinically\u2010valuable diagnostic tool for early\u2010stage primary colon carcinoma. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmmi.1609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]],"date-time":"2014-06-27T17:50:26Z","timestamp":1403891426000},"page":"135-143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Specificity of lectin\u2010immobilized fluorescent nanospheres for colorectal tumors in a mouse model which better resembles the clinical disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tokio","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University  45\u20101 Nagaotoge\u2010cho Hirakata Osaka 573\u20100101 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University  45\u20101 Nagaotoge\u2010cho Hirakata Osaka 573\u20100101 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moe","family":"Shimosato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University  45\u20101 Nagaotoge\u2010cho Hirakata Osaka 573\u20100101 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruki","family":"Higashino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University  45\u20101 Nagaotoge\u2010cho Hirakata Osaka 573\u20100101 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshie","family":"Masaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University  45\u20101 Nagaotoge\u2010cho Hirakata Osaka 573\u20100101 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University  45\u20101 Nagaotoge\u2010cho Hirakata Osaka 573\u20100101 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University  45\u20101 Nagaotoge\u2010cho Hirakata Osaka 573\u20100101 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken\u2010ichiro","family":"Hiwatari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Science Materials Laboratory  ADEKA Co., 7\u20102\u201034 Higashiogu Arakawa\u2010ku Tokyo 116\u20108553 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Kumagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Science Materials Laboratory  ADEKA Co., 7\u20102\u201034 Higashiogu Arakawa\u2010ku Tokyo 116\u20108553 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University  45\u20101 Nagaotoge\u2010cho Hirakata Osaka 573\u20100101 Japan"},{"name":"Life Science Materials Laboratory  ADEKA Co., 7\u20102\u201034 Higashiogu Arakawa\u2010ku Tokyo 116\u20108553 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Koike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Science Materials Laboratory  ADEKA Co., 7\u20102\u201034 Higashiogu Arakawa\u2010ku Tokyo 116\u20108553 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Etsuo","family":"Tobita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Science Materials Laboratory  ADEKA Co., 7\u20102\u201034 Higashiogu Arakawa\u2010ku Tokyo 116\u20108553 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AntiCancer Inc.  7917 Ostrow Street San Diego CA 92111 USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California at San Diego  La Jolla CA 92103\u20108220 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Gore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Imaging Science Medical Center, Vanderbilt University  1161 21st Ave S. 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