{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:53:56Z","timestamp":1777528436293,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,6]],"date-time":"2011-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contrast Media &amp; Molecular"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate poly(<jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010glutamic acid)\u2010benzyl\u2010DTPA\u2013Gd (PG\u2013Gd), a new biodegradable macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, for its pharmacokinetics and MRI enhancement in nonhuman primates. Studies were performed in rhesus monkeys at intravenous doses of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.08\u2009mmol Gd\/kg. <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted MR images were acquired at 1.5 T using fast spoiled gradient recalled echo and fast spin echo imaging protocols. The small\u2010molecule contrast agent Magnevist was used as a control. PG\u2013Gd in the monkey showed a bi\u2010exponential disposition. The initial blood concentrations within 2\u2009h of PG\u2013Gd administration were much higher than those for Magnevist. The high blood concentration of PG\u2013Gd was consistent with the MR imaging data, which showed prolonged circulation of PG\u2013Gd in the blood pool. Enhancement of blood vessels and organs with a high blood perfusion (heart, liver, and kidney) was clearly visualized at 2\u2009h after contrast injection at the three doses used. A greater than proportional increase of the area under the blood concentration\u2013time curve was observed when the administered single dose was increased from 0.01 to 0.08\u2009mmol\/kg. By 2 days after PG\u2013Gd injection, the contrast agent was mostly cleared from all major organs, including kidney. The mean residence time was 15\u2009h at the 0.08\u2009mmol\/kg dose. A similar pharmacokinetic profile was observed in mice, with a mean residence time of 5.4\u2009h and a volume of distribution at steady\u2010state of 85.5\u2009ml\/kg, indicating that the drug was mainly distributed in the blood compartment. Based on this pilot study, further investigations on the potential systemic toxicity of PG\u2013Gd in both rodents and large animals are warranted before testing this agent in humans. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmmi.431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,6]],"date-time":"2011-01-06T10:33:33Z","timestamp":1294310013000},"page":"289-297","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and magnetic resonance imaging of biodegradable macromolecular blood\u2010pool contrast agent PG\u2013Gd in non\u2010human primates: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mei","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward F.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaan","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Uthamanthil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juri G.","family":"Gelovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(199909)10:3<314::AID-JMRI13>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200012)12:6<890::AID-JMRI12>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1719-1","article-title":"Macromolecular contrast agents for MR mammography: current status","volume":"13","author":"Daldrup\u2010Link HE","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"B24","article-title":"Whole\u2010body magnetic resonance angiography with blood\u2010pool agents","volume":"17","author":"Kramer H","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.196.1.7784574"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(00)00195-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2006.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-199610000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-008-0106-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2004.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bc049966g"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bc034064l"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rli.0000066814.82006.be"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2005.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bc025633c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bc049910m"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910080208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2503080253"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06011108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hlca.200490098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-199712000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-007-9253-0"}],"container-title":["Contrast Media &amp; 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