{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:09:49Z","timestamp":1790082589329,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,18]],"date-time":"2012-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Concepts Magn Reson"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tissue conductivity and permittivity are critical to understanding radio frequency (RF) power deposition during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These electrical properties are also important in treatment planning of RF thermotherapy methods (e.g., RF hyperthermia). The electrical properties may also have diagnostic value as malignant tissues have been reported to have higher conductivity and higher relative permittivity than surrounding healthy tissue. In this study, we consider imaging conductivity and permittivity using MRI transmit field maps (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    maps) at 3.0 T. We formulate efficient methods to calculate conductivity and relative permittivity from two\u2010dimensional\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    data and validate the methods with simulated\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    maps, generated at 128 MHz. Next, we use the recently introduced Bloch\u2010Siegert shift\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    mapping method to acquire\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    maps at 3.0 T and demonstrate conductivity and relative permittivity images that successfully identify contrast in electrical properties. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 41B: 13\u201321, 2012\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmr.b.21204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,18]],"date-time":"2012-02-18T07:27:57Z","timestamp":1329550077000},"page":"13-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Conductivity and permittivity imaging at 3.0 t"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41B","author":[{"given":"S.B.","family":"Bulumulla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.T.B.","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20977"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22544"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/6668.990683"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"76","article-title":"Dielectric properties of normal and malignant human breast tissue at radiowave and microwave frequencies","volume":"21","author":"Chaudhary SS","year":"1984","journal-title":"Indian J Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/79.962276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2009.2015757"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22832"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/36\/6\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","volume-title":"Direct calculation of tissue electrical parameters from B1 maps","author":"Bulumulla SB","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","volume-title":"Towards direct B1 based local SAR estimation","author":"Cloos MA","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WenH.2003.Noninvasive quantitative mapping of conductivity and dielectric distributions using RF wave propagation effects in high\u2010field MRI. Proceedings of SPIE5030:471\u2013477.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.480000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","article-title":"B\n                  1\n                  + phase mapping at 7 T and its application for in vivo electrical conductivity mapping","author":"van Lier AL","year":"2011","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22357"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0534(2000)12:4<173::AID-CMR1>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Engineering Electromagnetics","author":"Cheng DK","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","volume-title":"Numerical recipes in C","author":"Press WH","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","volume-title":"Rapid estimation of conductivity and permittivity using Bloch\u2010Siegert B1 mapping at 3.0T","author":"Bulumulla SB","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2364(85)90257-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/a827213z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","first-page":"1303","article-title":"Effective permittivity of mixtures: numerical validation by the FDTD method. Geosci Remote Sensing","volume":"38","author":"Karkkainen KK","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","volume-title":"B1+ phase mapping for MR\u2010based electrical property measurement of a symmetric phantom","author":"Lee S\u2010K","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.1987.4307795"}],"container-title":["Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B: Magnetic Resonance Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcmr.b.21204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cmr.b.21204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T21:44:24Z","timestamp":1696974264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cmr.b.21204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cmr.b.21204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cmr.b.21204","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5031","1552-504X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5031","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-504X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}}}