{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:05:41Z","timestamp":1789923941505,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,28]],"date-time":"2002-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment modalities like targeted radiotherapy with <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I\u2010meta\u2010iodobenzylguanidine (<jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I\u2010MIBG) improve survival rates after neuroblastoma (NB). Radiation to the thyroid gland can lead to hypothyroidism and even malignancy. Because hypothyroidism after <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I\u2010MIBG treatment was reported, the current KI prophylaxis against thyroidal radiation damage was evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence, pathogenesis, and consequences of thyroid dysfunction among 42 NB patients treated with <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I\u2010MIBG were evaluated retrospectively. Efficacy of KI prophylaxis was established by measuring thyroidal radioiodide uptake. Thyroid damage was expressed as thyrotropin elevation (TE, plasma concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone \u2265 4.5 mU\/L).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean followup was 2.3 years ( range, 0.1\u20108.5). The mean number of treatments with <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I\u2010MIBG was 3.3. Of 428 scintigrams, uptake of <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I in the thyroid was visible in 92 (21.0%). Twenty two patients (52.4 %) presented TE after a mean period of 1.4 years (range, 0.1\u20135.8). Clinical signs of hypothyroidism were not observed. Eight patients received suppletion therapy with thyroxine. Thyrotropin elevation was transient in four patients. Of 25 survivors, with a mean followup of 3.5 years, 16 (64%) developed TE. No correlation was found between TE and thyroid visualization after <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I\u2010MIBG administration or the number of treatments. No abnormalities were seen by ultrasound imaging of the thyroid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Occurrence of thyroid dysfunction after treatment with <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I\u2010MIBG for NB is high, in spite of KI prophylaxis. Close followup of thyroid function and structure is required in patients treated with <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I\u2010MIBG. New ways of protecting the thyroid during exposure to radioiodine should be developed. Cancer 2002;94:2081\u20139. \u00a9 2002 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><jats:p>DOI 10.1002\/cncr.10447<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T19:46:56Z","timestamp":1030304816000},"page":"2081-2089","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["High incidence of thyroid dysfunction despite prophylaxis with potassium iodide during <sup>131<\/sup>I\u2010meta\u2010iodobenzylguanidine treatment in children with neuroblastoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Hanneke M.","family":"van Santen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"de Kraker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthe L. F.","family":"van Eck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan J. M.","family":"de Vijlder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Vulsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","unstructured":"1997 Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum Houten HN Caron PA. Voute J de Kraker H Caron Kinderoncologie: Neuroblastoom 232 245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(95)00063-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"1997","article-title":"Iodobenzylguanide\u2010131 therapy as first choice in non\u2010metastasized neuroblastoma [in Dutch]","volume":"140","author":"de Kraker J","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","unstructured":"de KrakerJ HoefnagelCA VoutePA.131 I\u2010Meta\u2010iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG)\u2010de\u2010novo in neuroblastoma Stage III and IV patients[pamphlet]. Amsterdam Academic Medical Center:1994."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"202","article-title":"[131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy after conventional therapy for neuroblastoma","volume":"35","author":"Hoefnagel CA","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Nucl Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006231-199409000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"[131I]MIBG as a first line treatment in advanced neuroblastoma","volume":"39","author":"Hoefnagel CA","year":"1995","journal-title":"Q J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"207","article-title":"Outcome of [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy of neuroblastoma: seven years after","volume":"35","author":"Hor G","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Nucl Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"107","article-title":"131I\u2010meta\u2010iodobenzylguanidine in diagnosis and treatment of neuroblastoma","volume":"75","author":"Voute PA","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"439","article-title":"Results of treatment with 131 I\u2010metaiodobenzylguanidine (131 I\u2010MIBG) in patients with neuroblastoma. Future prospects of zetotherapy","volume":"366","author":"Voute PA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"679","article-title":"Current concepts on the diagnostic use of MIBG in children","volume":"39","author":"Shulkin BL","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00173043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"544","article-title":"Renal excretion of iodine\u2010131 labelled meta\u2010iodobenzylguanidine and metabolites after therapeutic doses in patients suffering from different neural crest\u2010derived tumours","volume":"24","author":"Wafelman AR","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006231-199309000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00176557"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"733","volume-title":"Werner & Ingbar's the thyroid, a fundamental and clinical text","author":"de Vijlder J","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-198406000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90089-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950901)76:5<900::AID-CNCR2820760527>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(96)00480-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(77)80066-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-69-823-617"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)00117-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-32-6-833"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.77.2.362"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","unstructured":"DunnJA De GrootLJ HennemanG. The thyroid and its diseases Chapter 2.2000[accessed July 1 2001].http:\/\/www.thyroidmanger.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","first-page":"814","article-title":"Autoregulation of the thyroid. Response to iodide excess and depletion","volume":"47","author":"Ingbar SH","year":"1972","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/10507250152039082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2058-7_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910215)67:4<922::AID-CNCR2820670411>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91925-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19951101)76:9<1662::AID-CNCR2820760924>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00173045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1629825","article-title":"Radiochemical purity, at expiry, and radiochemical stability of iodine\u2010131 labelled meta\u2010iodobenzylguanidine concentrates for intravenous infusion","volume":"35","author":"Wafelman AR","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nuklearmedizin"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1992.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442337"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Werner & Ingbar's the thyroid, a fundamental and clinical text","author":"Pisarev M","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","first-page":"316","volume-title":"Werner & Ingbar's the thyroid, a fundamental and clinical text","author":"Roti E","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(75)80309-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0080243"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.64.4.593"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/10507250152039091"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)41396-3","article-title":"Effects of thyroid hormones on enzymes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid synthesis","volume":"250","author":"Roncari DA","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.12.4472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(00)00359-3"}],"container-title":["Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcncr.10447","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncr.10447","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T09:39:17Z","timestamp":1760261957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cncr.10447"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,28]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cncr.10447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.10447","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-543X","1097-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-543X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,28]]}}}