{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:09:35Z","timestamp":1792804175757,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,14]],"date-time":"2002-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1021334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors report the results of a prospective study of patients with malignant neuroendocrine tumors of the sinonasal tract who received multimodality treatment incorporating high\u2010dose proton\u2010photon radiotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen patients with olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) or neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) were treated between 1992 and 1998 on a prospective study. Four patients had Kadish Stage B disease, and 15 patients had Kadish Stage C disease. The median patient age was 44 years. Patients received chemotherapy with 2 courses of cisplatin and etoposide followed by high\u2010dose proton\u2010photon radiotherapy to 69.2 cobalt\u2013Gray equivalents (CGE) using 1.6\u20131.8 CGE per fraction twice daily in a concomitant boost schedule. Two further courses of chemotherapy were given to responders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 19 patients, 15 patients were alive at the time of this report with a median follow\u2010up of 45 months (range, 20\u201392 months). Four patients died from disseminated disease 8\u201347 months after their original diagnosis. The 5\u2010year survival rate was 74%. There were two local recurrences, and both patients underwent salvage surgery. The 5\u2010year local control rate of initial treatment was 88%. Acute toxicity of chemotherapy was tolerable, with no patient sustaining more than Grade 3 hematologic toxicity. Thirteen patients showed a partial or complete response to chemotherapy. One patient developed unilateral visual loss after the first course of chemotherapy; otherwise, visual preservation was achieved in all patients. Four patients who were clinically intact developed radiation\u2010induced damage to the frontal or temporal lobe by magnetic resonance imaging criteria. Two patients showed soft tissue and\/or bone necrosis, and one of these patients required surgical repair of a cerebrospinal fluid leak.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and high\u2010dose proton\u2010photon radiotherapy is a successful treatment approach for patients with ONB and NEC. Radical surgery is reserved for nonresponders. Due to the precision of delivery of radiation with stereotactic setup and protons, no radiation\u2010induced visual loss was observed. Cancer 2002;94:2623\u201334. \u00a9 2002 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>DOI 10.1002\/cncr.10537<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T19:28:18Z","timestamp":1030303698000},"page":"2623-2634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["Neuroendocrine tumors of the sinonasal tract"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Markus M.","family":"Fitzek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan F.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Varvares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Ancukiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Mcintyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Amrein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"410","article-title":"L'esthesioneuroepitheliome olfactif","volume":"13","author":"Berger L","year":"1924","journal-title":"Bull Assoc Fr Etude Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199010000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19821201)50:11<2388::AID-CNCR2820501126>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","series-title":"Atlas of tumor pathology","first-page":"240","author":"Hyams VJ","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Olfactory neuroblastoma: clinical and pathological aspects","volume":"31","author":"Lund VJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900010038005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197603)37:3<1571::AID-CNCR2820370347>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)02009-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(83)90003-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(85)90193-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(96)01800-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"A144","article-title":"A report on the change in the proton absorbed dose measurement protocol for the clinical trials conducted at the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory","volume":"25","author":"Newhauser W","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. 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