{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:40:28Z","timestamp":1790404828082,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,12]],"date-time":"2002-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1023840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is significant variability in the response of tumors to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the underlying mechanism for this variability is unknown. In this study, the authors investigated the roles of tumor nuclear grade, mitotic activity, and biomarker expression profiles in predicting the pathologic response of breast tumors to preoperative chemotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010two patients with breast carcinoma participated in two clinical trials and were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which consisted of either a conventional dose of fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) or dose\u2010escalated FAC. The mean age of the patients was 46 years (range, 24\u201369 years). Nuclear grade, mitotic activity, and biomarker profile (Her2\u2010neu and mitosin expression patterns) in pretreatment tumors were correlated with the postchemotherapy pathologic response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve patients (15%) had a complete pathologic response (CPR), 23 patients (28%) had a near complete response (NCR), and 47 patients (57%) had significant residual disease present either at the primary site or in the axillary lymph nodes. The authors found that the nuclear grade and mitotic activity of pretreatment tumors were correlated significantly with CPR and NCR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004). Mitosin also was correlated significantly with CPR and NCR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.028). A higher percentage of patients with Her2\u2010neu\u2010positive tumors had a CPR or an NCR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.152). CPR and NCR were not correlated significantly with disease stage (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.186) or lymph node positivity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.498).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current results indicate that tumor nuclear grade and tumor proliferative activity (mitotic activity and mitosin immunostaining) of pretreatment tumors in patients with breast carcinoma may serve as important indicators for the pathologic responsiveness of tumors to neoadjuvant, anthracycline\u2010based chemotherapy. Cancer 2002;94:3107\u201314. \u00a9 2002 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><jats:p>DOI 10.1002\/cncr.10585<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T08:29:56Z","timestamp":1033892996000},"page":"3107-3114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Assessment of histologic features and expression of biomarkers in predicting pathologic response to anthracycline\u2010based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Jianzhou","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Buchholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavinia P.","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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