{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T11:43:54Z","timestamp":1768563834840,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,23]],"date-time":"2002-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1027382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study was designed to determine the usefulness of pretreatment tumor pressure as a new prognostic factor in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; 3 cm or smaller in diameter).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 39 patients with small HCC in whom tumor pressure was determined. They underwent percutaneous ethanol (with Lipiodol) injection therapy (Lp\u2010PEI) or transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of the hepatic artery. Tumor pressure was determined percutaneously under ultrasonographic guidance. The factors analyzed were age, gender, mean blood pressure, the presence\/absence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti\u2010HCV), alcohol abuse, Child's classification, the presence\/absence of esophagogastric varices, serum \u03b1\u2010fetoprotein (AFP) level, tumor size, number of tumors, degree of tumor differentiation, the presence\/absence of tumor capsule, tumor pressure, and the method of treatment. Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards model was conducted on the factors that may have affected prognosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.25) according to the univariate analysis using a proportional hazards model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rates of local and distant recurrence were higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01, respectively) and the survival rate was lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03) in patients with high tumor pressure than in those with low tumor pressure. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor pressure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), AFP level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01), and age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) were significant predictive factors associated with local recurrence. Tumor pressure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and AFP level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) were both significantly associated with distant recurrence. The only significant predictive factor associated with survival rate was tumor pressure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study revealed that tumor pressure was associated significantly with survival rates after Lp\u2010PEI or TAE in patients with small HCC. There were also significant predictive factors associated with local recurrence, these being tumor pressure, AFP level, and age, and with distant recurrence, namely, tumor pressure and AFP level. Tumor pressure measured before the initial treatment of patients with small HCC may be a useful new prognostic factor. Cancer 2002;95:596\u2013604. \u00a9 2002 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><jats:p>DOI 10.1002\/cncr.10690<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T07:53:08Z","timestamp":1033890788000},"page":"596-604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Usefulness of tumor pressure as a prognostic factor in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma where the diameter of the tumor is 3 cm or 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