{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:58:27Z","timestamp":1791136707715,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,17]],"date-time":"2003-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1042761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study was performed to analyze the feasibility, safety, imaging appearance, and short\u2010term efficacy of image\u2010guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of primary and metastatic adrenal neoplasms including adrenocortical carcinoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The procedure was performed using 36 treatment spheres on 15 adrenocortical carcinoma primary or metastatic tumors in eight patients over 27 months. Tumors ranged from 15 to 90 mm in greatest dimension with a mean of 43 mm. All patients had unresectable tumors or were poor candidates for surgery. Mean follow\u2010up was 10.3 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients were discharged or were free of procedure\u2010related medical care 6\u201348 hours after the procedures without major complications. All treatments resulted in presumptive coagulation necrosis by imaging criteria, which manifested as loss of previous contrast enhancement in ablated tissue. Eight of 15 (53%) posttreatment thermal lesions lost enhancement and stopped growing on latest follow\u2010up computed tomographic scan. Three of 15 (20%) demonstrated interval growth and four did not change in size. Of these four lesions, two showed contrast enhancement. For smaller tumors with a mean greatest dimension less than or equal to 5 cm, 8 of 12 (67%) tumors were completely ablated, as defined by decreasing size and complete loss of contrast enhancement. Three of 15 (20 %) tumors and related thermal lesions were found to have disappeared nearly completely on imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Percutaneous, image\u2010guided RFA is a safe and well tolerated procedure for the treatment of unresectable primary or metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. The procedure is effective for the short\u2010term local control of small adrenal tumors, and is most effective for tumors less than 5 cm. The survival rate for patients with adrenocortical carcinoma improves when radical excision is performed in selected patients. Aggressive local disease control may potentially influence survival as well. However, further study is required to evaluate survival impact, document long\u2010term efficacy, and to determine if RFA can obviate repeated surgical intervention in specific clinical scenarios. Cancer 2003;97:554\u201360. Published 2003 by the American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><jats:p>DOI 10.1002\/cncr.11084<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,3]],"date-time":"2003-02-03T16:04:24Z","timestamp":1044288264000},"page":"554-560","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":226,"title":["Radiofrequency ablation of adrenal tumors and adrenocortical carcinoma metastases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Bradford J.","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jame","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia L.","family":"Hvizda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Richard","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tito","family":"Fojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1055-3207(18)30245-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004263221705"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930515)71:10<3119::AID-CNCR2820711037>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"1006","article-title":"Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study 1879: mitotane and Adriamycin in patients with advanced adrenocrtical carcinoma","volume":"110","author":"Decker RA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Surgery."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1993.11.1.161","article-title":"Phase II trial of mitotane and cisplatin in patients with adrenal carcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study","volume":"11","author":"Bukowski RM","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199806000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1039739"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","first-page":"97","article-title":"Percutaneous ultrasound guided radiofrequency electrocautery for the treatment of small hepatocelluar carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Rossi S","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Interven Radiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.202.1.8988211"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.209.2.9807561"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199907000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.37.6.348"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950515)75:10<2587::AID-CNCR2820751028>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19931201)72:11<3145::AID-CNCR2820721105>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","first-page":"963","article-title":"An eleven\u2010year experience with adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"112","author":"Pommier RF","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surgery."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1991.01410280059008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(97)90229-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19890801)64:3<765::AID-CNCR2820640333>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","first-page":"191a","article-title":"A phase II study of combination chemotherapy and surgical resection in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma: continuous infusion of doxorubicin, vincristine and etoposide with daily mitotane before and after surgical resection","volume":"18","author":"Abraham J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-4-200008150-00028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.8.648"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","first-page":"181","article-title":"Adrenalectomy for isolated adrenal metastases from non\u2010adrenal cancer","volume":"17","author":"Paul CA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Oncol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800830432"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980115)82:2<395::AID-CNCR20>3.0.CO;2-T"}],"container-title":["Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncr.11084","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T20:37:35Z","timestamp":1760301455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cncr.11084"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,17]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cncr.11084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.11084","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-543X","1097-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-543X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,17]]}}}