{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:13:48Z","timestamp":1791184428766,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,18]],"date-time":"2003-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1047945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serotonin excretion plays a role in the development of carcinoid heart disease (CHD), but the exact pathogenesis is not known. In the current study, the authors evaluated 24\u2010hour urinary 5\u2010hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5\u2010HIAA) excretion, as well as plasma levels of transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in patients with and without CHD determined by ultrasound examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urine and plasma samples were obtained for 37 patients and cardiac ultrasound was performed during follow\u2010up in 1999 and 2000. Median 5\u2010HIAA excretion was calculated for the period between diagnosis and ultrasound examination. CHD was defined as the thickening of the tricuspid valve with additional III\u2013IV\/IV tricuspid valve regurgitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>CHD was found in 9 of 37 patients (24%). No significant differences were found for age, gender, presence, and duration of liver metastases. All CHD patients had symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome compared with 71% of the non\u2010CHD patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.159). Median 5\u2010HIAA excretion was significantly higher in the CHD group compared with the non\u2010CHD group: 576 \u03bcmol\/24 hours versus 233 \u03bcmol\/24 hours (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). No difference in TGF\u2010\u03b2 and FGF plasma levels was observed between both groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.139 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.985, respectively), nor was there a correlation with morphology of the tricuspid valve or degree of dilatation of the right atrium\/ventricle. However, the CHD group had higher median ANP levels than the non\u2010CHD group: 48 ng\/L and 25 ng\/L, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.026).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>High levels of 5\u2010HIAA excretion and plasma ANP were found to be associated with CHD. No significant relation with TGF\u2010\u03b2 or FGF was been found. Cancer 2003;97:1609\u201315. \u00a9 2003 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><jats:p>DOI 10.1002\/cncr.11226<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,20]],"date-time":"2003-03-20T06:59:26Z","timestamp":1048143566000},"page":"1609-1615","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Carcinoid heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Johanna M.","family":"Zuetenhorst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes M. G. M.","family":"Bonfrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catharina M.","family":"Korse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harm","family":"van Tinteren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babs G.","family":"Taal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960090104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.77.2.264"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.4.790"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1323.2001.01798.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90313-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990901)86:5<858::AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Involvement of transforming growth factor\u2010beta in the formation of fibrotic lesions in carcinoid heart disease","volume":"142","author":"Waltenberger J","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","first-page":"5253","article-title":"Human carcinoid cell production of paracrine growth factors that can stimulate fibroblast and endothelial cell growth","volume":"51","author":"Beauchamp RD","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.1_suppl.S60"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","first-page":"265","article-title":"Cardiac natriuretic peptides: new laboratory parameters in heart failure patients","volume":"47","author":"Hammerer\u2010Lercher A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Lab."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(01)00520-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90150-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00199342"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.6.1829"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708283370901"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-11_Part_1-199812010-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"Aortic and mitral valve disease induced by ergotamine therapy for migraine: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Hendrikx M","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.4.1188"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.059002579.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90603-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01008032"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","volume-title":"Cytokine reference","author":"Oppenheim JJ","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcncr.11226","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncr.11226","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T20:29:03Z","timestamp":1760300943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cncr.11226"}},"subtitle":["The role of urinary 5\u2010hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion and plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 and fibroblast growth factor"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,18]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cncr.11226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.11226","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-543X","1097-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-543X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,18]]}}}