{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T20:12:33Z","timestamp":1760299953881,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,17]],"date-time":"2003-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1058400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm that often disseminates or metastasizes. The role of chemotherapy in treating this malignancy is unclear. The purpose of the current study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of a weekly chemotherapy regimen consisting of cisplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, and etoposide (CODE) for the treatment of advanced thymic carcinoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors retrospectively reviewed 18 patients with thymic carcinoma who were treated between 1996 and 2002. Twelve of these patients had unresectable advanced diseases and received weekly chemotherapy according to the CODE regimen. The CODE regimen consisted of cisplatin (25 mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, intravenously [i.v.]; weekly administration), vincristine (1 mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, i.v.; administered during Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8), doxorubicin (40 mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, i.v.; administered during Weeks 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9), and etoposide (80 mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, i.v.; administered for 3 days during Weeks 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The responses of all 12 patients to the CODE regimen were assessed. A partial response was achieved in 5 patients, and the overall response rate was 42%. Only one patient experienced disease progression. The median progression\u2010free survival period was 5.6 months (range, 2\u201339 months). The overall survival period ranged from 6 to 79 months, with a median survival period of 46 months. Based on the Kaplan\u2013Meier method, the estimated 1\u2010year and 2\u2010year survival rates were 80% and 58%, respectively. The most common side effects were hematologic toxicities, and only mild nonhematologic toxicities were experienced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Weekly chemotherapy treatments according to the CODE regimen were effective and tolerated by patients with advanced thymic carcinoma. Cancer 2003;98:926\u201331. \u00a9 2003 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><jats:p>DOI 10.1002\/cncr.11606<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]],"date-time":"2003-08-22T09:26:36Z","timestamp":1061544396000},"page":"926-931","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Weekly chemotherapy with cisplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, and etoposide is an effective treatment for advanced thymic carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Kiyotaka","family":"Yoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gen\u2010ichiro","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Niho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hironobu","family":"Ohmatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryutaro","family":"Kakinuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanji","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moritaka","family":"Suga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Nishiwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198210000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199002000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910215)67:4<1025::AID-CNCR2820670427>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"764","article-title":"Prognosis of thymic carcinoma: analysis of 16 cases","volume":"91","author":"Chang HK","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-197706000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-60157-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10588"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(98)70273-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19901115)66:10<2092::AID-CNCR2820661008>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930215)71:4<1219::AID-CNCR2820710408>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"1485","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma treated with intensive chemotherapy and radiation","volume":"15","author":"Yanagawa H","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930520412"},{"volume-title":"WHO handbook for reporting results of cancer treatment","year":"1979","author":"World Health Organization","key":"e_1_2_5_14_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21979"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19811201)48:11<2485::AID-CNCR2820481123>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","first-page":"615","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma. 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