{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T06:40:22Z","timestamp":1791009622674,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,26]],"date-time":"2003-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1064534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>A distinction between noninvasive, invasive, and metastatic thymoma on the basis of the cytologic features is difficult. The current study investigated whether the expression of MMP and TIMP was correlated with tumor invasiveness and prognosis in patients with thymoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tumor tissue samples were obtained from 42 patients with thymic epithelial tumors between 1974 and 2001 at Tokushima University Hospital. Three\u2010micrometer\u2010thick, formalin\u2010fixed, paraffin\u2010embedded tissue sections were immunostained using specific antibodies against MMP\u20102, MMP\u20109, TIMP\u20101, and TIMP\u20102.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>MMP\u20102 expression was detected in 30 tumors (71%), and TIMP\u20102 expression was detected in 31 tumors (74%). MMP\u20109 expression was detected in 22 of 36 tumors (61%), and TIMP\u20101 expression was detected in only 7 tumors (19%). MMP\u20102 and TIMP\u20102 expression levels were very low (10% and 0%, respectively) in noninvasive tumors but were very high (91% and 97%, respectively) in invasive tumors. In thymic epithelial tumors, the more progressive the clinical stage of tumor, the higher the strongly positive rate of MMP\u20102 and TIMP\u20102 expression. There was no correlation between positivity for MMP\u20109 and stage. Twenty\u2010five percent of Type AB thymomas and 50% of Type B1 thymomas expressed MMP\u20102 and TIMP\u20102. Most of Type A, Type B2, Type B3, and Type C thymomas expressed MMP\u20102 and TIMP\u20102. There were significant differences in disease\u2010free survival at 5 years between patients without and with MMP\u20102 expression (91% vs. 55%, respectively) and patients without and with TIMP\u20102 expression (100% vs. 53%, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>MMP\u20102 and TIMP\u20102 are key enzymes for invasiveness of thymic epithelial tumors. The expression of these proteins can predict a poor outcome in patients with thymoma. Cancer 2003. \u00a9 2003 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,24]],"date-time":"2003-10-24T05:10:10Z","timestamp":1066972210000},"page":"1811-1821","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase\u20102 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase\u20102 is correlated with poor prognostic variables in patients with thymic epithelial tumors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Ken\u2010ichi","family":"Sogawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Fujino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Miyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Sakiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Monden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","series-title":"Atlas of tumor pathology, 2nd series","first-page":"34","author":"Rosai J","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","series-title":"Atlas of tumor pathology, 3rd series","first-page":"40","author":"Shimosato Y","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880301)61:5<982::AID-CNCR2820610521>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"615","article-title":"Degree of malignancy of thymic epithelial tumors in terms of nuclear DNA content and nuclear area. 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