{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T08:56:36Z","timestamp":1771577796795,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,19]],"date-time":"2003-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1071792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intensive screening is an alternative to prophylactic mastectomy in women at high risk for developing breast carcinoma. The current article reports preliminary results from a screening protocol using high\u2010quality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ductal lavage (DL), clinical breast examination, and mammography to identify early malignancy and high\u2010risk lesions in women at increased genetic risk of breast carcinoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with inherited <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>BRCA2<\/jats:italic> mutations or women with a &gt; 10% risk of developing breast carcinoma at 10 years, as estimated by the Claus model, were eligible. Patients were accrued from September 2001 to May 2003. Enrolled patients underwent biannual clinical breast examinations and annual mammography, breast MRI, and DL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010one women underwent an initial screen. Fifteen of 41 enrolled women (36.6%) either had undergone previous bilateral oophorectomy and\/or were on tamoxifen at the time of the initial screen. One patient who was a <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic> carrier had high\u2010grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) that was screen detected by MRI but that was missed on mammography. High\u2010risk lesions that were screen detected by MRI in three women included radial scars and atypical lobular hyperplasia. DL detected seven women with cellular atypia, including one woman who had a normal MRI and mammogram.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breast MRI identified high\u2010grade DCIS and high\u2010risk lesions that were missed by mammography. DL detected cytologic atypia in a high\u2010risk cohort. A larger screening trial is needed to determine which subgroups of high\u2010risk women will benefit and whether the identification of malignant and high\u2010risk lesions at an early stage will impact breast carcinoma incidence and mortality. Cancer 2004. \u00a9 2004 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,22]],"date-time":"2004-01-22T04:00:50Z","timestamp":1074744050000},"page":"479-489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Breast magnetic resonance image screening and ductal lavage in women at high genetic risk for breast carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Anne\u2010Renee","family":"Hartman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce L.","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison W.","family":"Kurian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meredith A.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kent W.","family":"Nowels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick M.","family":"Dirbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerry E.","family":"Kingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicki M.","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Herfkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia K.","family":"Plevritis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/87.22.1681"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"1457","article-title":"Estimates of the gene frequency of BRCA1 and its contribution to breast and ovarian cancer incidence","volume":"57","author":"Ford D","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400201"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.21.1633"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.18.2251"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.15.3524"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"E9","article-title":"Is mammography indicated for women with defective BRCA genes? 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