{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T01:54:57Z","timestamp":1791078897131,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,12]],"date-time":"2003-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1071187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interferon\u2010\u03b1 (IFN\u2010\u03b1) and retinoids have shown nonoverlapping toxicity and each has shown antitumor activity in patients with lymphoma. The aim of the current study was to assess the toxicity, safety, and efficacy of IFN\u2010\u03b1 combined with isotretinoin in patients with advanced, refractory lymphoid malignancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults with biopsy\u2010proven advanced lymphoid malignancy were treated. Patients with compromised bone marrow function (platelet counts as low as 30 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L) were eligible. Treatment was comprised of IFN\u2010\u03b1 at a starting daily dose of 3 mega units subcutaneously and isotretinoin orally starting at a dose of 1 mg\/kg daily in 2 divided doses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010four patients were evaluable. Their median age was 57 years (range, 18\u201382 years). Eighteen patients had advanced cutaneous T\u2010cell lymphoma, 6 patients had peripheral T\u2010cell lymphoma, 14 patients had Hodgkin disease, and 6 patients had a variety of other lymphoid malignancies. Patients with Hodgkin disease had received a median of 6 previous therapies (range, 3\u201312 therapies) and patients with other lymphoid malignancies had received a median of 4 previous therapies (range, 1\u20139 therapies). The median duration of treatment was 4 months (range, 0.25\u201338 months). The overall response rate was 38.6% (complete response in 5 patients [11.3%] and partial response in 12 patients [27.3%]). The median response duration was 3 months (range, 1\u201395+ months). The most common toxicities were low\u2010grade fever, flu\u2010like symptoms, and fatigue (IFN\u2010\u03b1 effects); dry mouth and skin and hypertriglyceridemia (cis\u2010retinoic acid effects); and thrombocytopenia (which generally occurred in patients with low baseline platelet counts).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>IFN\u2010\u03b1 and isotretinoin combination therapy had antitumor activity and was well tolerated in heavily pretreated patients with lymphoid malignancies. Cancer 2004. \u00a9 2003 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,22]],"date-time":"2004-01-22T04:00:50Z","timestamp":1074744050000},"page":"574-580","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Activity of interferon\u2010\u03b1 and isotretinoin in patients with advanced, refractory lymphoid malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Apostolia\u2010Maria","family":"Tsimberidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Romaguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Duvic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razelle","family":"Kurzrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Overview of non\u2010Hodgkin's lymphoma: biology, staging, and treatment","volume":"30","author":"Fisher RI","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Oncol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0753-3322(96)85288-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Alfa\u20102b interferon in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and non\u2010Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"14","author":"Leavitt RD","year":"1987","journal-title":"Semin Oncol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(91)90582-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","first-page":"256","article-title":"Alpha\u2010interferon treatment of Hodgkin's disease","volume":"9","author":"Redman J","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850915)56:6<1305::AID-CNCR2820560614>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555567232236","article-title":"Oral retinoids in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome: a comparison of isotretinoin and etretinate. 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