{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:38:56Z","timestamp":1791283136611,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,14]],"date-time":"2004-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1087171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida Coordinated Action No. 5 (AC5)"},{"name":"Sidaction-Ensemble Contre le Sida 12th Call for Tender"},{"name":"Association des Professeurs de Pathologie Infectieuse et Tropicale"},{"name":"the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Sida"},{"name":"the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale Fran\u00e7aise de M\u00e9decine Interne"},{"name":"the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Fran\u00e7aise"},{"name":"the Centre d'Information et de Soins de l'Immunod\u00e9ficience Humaine"},{"name":"the R\u00e9seau Ville-H\u00f4pital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), malignancies accounted for less than 10% of all deaths among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010infected patients. This figure may have increased, and the observed types of malignant disease may have been modified, as a result of decreased occurrence of opportunistic infections, the chronicity of HIV infection, the possible oncogenic role of HIV itself, and the aging of the HIV\u2010infected population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>All French hospital wards involved in the management of HIV infection were asked to prospectively document the deaths of HIV\u2010infected patients in the year 2000. Underlying causes of death were defined using a standardized questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of a total of 964 deaths, 269 (28%) were attributable to malignancies. Acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS)\u2010related malignancies were the underlying cause of 149 deaths (15%); among these malignancies were non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 105 [11%]), noncerebral lymphoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 78 [median CD4 count, 86 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> per liter; interquartile range [IQR], 35\u2013231 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> per liter), and primary cerebral lymphoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 27 [median CD4 count, 20 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> per liter; IQR, 4\u2013109 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> per liter). Kaposi sarcoma was associated with 40 deaths (4%), and cervical carcinoma was associated with 5 (0.5%). Non\u2010AIDS\u2010related malignancies were the underlying cause of 120 deaths (13%); these non\u2010AIDS\u2010related malignancies included 103 solid tumors (50 respiratory tumors, 19 hepatocarcinomas, 9 digestive tumors, and 6 anal tumors; median CD4 count, 218 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> per liter; IQR, 108\u2013380 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> per liter) and 17 hemopathies (12 Hodgkin lymphomas, 4 myeloid leukemias, and 1 myeloma; median CD4 count, 113 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> per liter; IQR, 56\u2013286 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> per liter). Compared with patients who died of other causes, patients who died of solid tumors were more likely to be male, to smoke, to be older, and to have higher CD4 counts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malignant disease has been a major cause of death among HIV\u2010infected patients in industrialized nations since the introduction of HAART. Whereas lethal hemopathies and Kaposi sarcoma are associated with advanced immunosuppression, lethal solid tumors can occur in patients with controlled HIV infection. Cancer 2004. \u00a9 2004 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,14]],"date-time":"2004-06-14T16:01:40Z","timestamp":1087228900000},"page":"317-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":211,"title":["Malignancy\u2010related causes of death in human immunodeficiency virus\u2013infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Bonnet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Lewden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Heripret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Jougla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibylle","family":"Bevilacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Costagliola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevi\u00e8ve","family":"Ch\u00eane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Morlat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02069-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02504-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"S208","article-title":"Causes of death in HIV\u2010infected adults in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART): the French survey Mortalit\u00e9 2000","volume":"8","author":"Lewden C","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2002.00117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200208160-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01169-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010972410865"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90167-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440390055008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","volume-title":"International classification of diseases (10th revision)","author":"Percy C","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults","volume":"41","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1992","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"442","article-title":"Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome\u2010related lymphoma: clinical aspects","volume":"27","author":"Levine AM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200308150-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","unstructured":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale. 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