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Reported risk factors for the development of lung adenocarcinoma include cigarette smoking; exposure to cooking fumes, air pollution, second\u2010hand smoke, asbestos, and radon; nutritional status; genetic susceptibility; immunologic dysfunction; tuberculosis infection; and asthma. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a known risk factor for the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but it has not been thoroughly assessed as a potential risk factor for the development of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. More than 50% of people are infected with HPV during their lifetimes, either via intrauterine or postnatal infection. Recent studies involving Taiwanese patients have demonstrated a possible association between HPV infection and the risk of developing pulmonary adenocarcinoma. HPV transmission pathways have not yet been conclusively identified. The observation of certain types of HPV in association with cervical and oral SCC raises the possibility of sexual transmission of HPV from the cervix to the oral cavity, with subsequent transmission to the larynx and then to the lung. HPV infection and metaplasia in lung tissue may increase an individual's susceptibility to the tumorigenesis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Further epidemiologic and pathologic investigations will be necessary to establish a causal relation. Cancer 2004. \u00a9 2004 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T14:01:24Z","timestamp":1092405684000},"page":"1428-1436","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Lung adenocarcinoma and human papillomavirus infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Yen\u2010Ching","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jen\u2010Hau","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kradin","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pao\u2010Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Christiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5002(00)00142-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/19.Supplement_1.S14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010181"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","first-page":"S222","article-title":"Risk factors of lung cancer","volume":"91","author":"Ger LP","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","first-page":"2799","article-title":"The association of human papillomavirus 16\/18 infection with lung cancer among nonsmoking Taiwanese women","volume":"61","author":"Cheng YW","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","unstructured":"Taiwan Republic of China: Department of Health. 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