{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T17:42:15Z","timestamp":1760290935981,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,19]],"date-time":"2004-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1098144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>An effect of fatty acids has been implicated in men with advanced\u2010stage prostate carcinoma and in men who have died of the disease. To evaluate the influence of fatty acids in men with prostate carcinoma at earlier stages, the authors examined the relation between prostatic concentrations of fatty acids and locally advanced prostate carcinoma in men with clinically organ\u2010confined disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fatty acids were measured by capillary gas chromatography in fresh, nonmalignant prostate tissue specimens collected during surgery from 196 men undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized prostate carcinoma. Two\u2010sided, two\u2010sample Student <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests compared mean concentrations in men with extraprostatic disease (pT<jats:sub>3\u20134<\/jats:sub>N<jats:sub>0\u20131<\/jats:sub>M<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>) with control men with organ\u2010confined disease. Logistic regression accounted for clinical stage, prostate\u2010specific antigen level, Gleason sum, and other factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Percent total prostatic polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was found to be inversely associated with risk of locally advanced prostate carcinoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 52) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.87\u20130.99; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.035). Risk of seminal vesicle involvement accounted for this association (OR = 0.86, 95% CI, 0.78\u20130.95; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). Percent \u03c9\u20103 fatty acid (eicosapentanoic + docosahexanoic acids) and percent arachidonic acid also were found to be inversely related to the risk of seminal vesicle involvement (OR = 0.52, 95% CI, 0.30\u20130.90; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02; and OR = 0.84, 95% CI,; 0.75\u20130.95; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prostatic PUFA levels appear to influence the risk of locally advanced prostate carcinoma in men with clinically organ\u2010confined disease. This association may be mediated through the immune system. Cancer 2004. \u00a9 2004 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,19]],"date-time":"2004-10-19T19:15:58Z","timestamp":1098213358000},"page":"2744-2754","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Inverse association between prostatic polyunsaturated fatty acid and risk of locally advanced prostate carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Vincent L.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Meydani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwan","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Flanigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/suro.2002.30393"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(02)00179-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35410-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)63946-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66991-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021562"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00053126"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.19.1571"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/87.9.652"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Dietary factors and risks for prostate cancer among blacks and whites in the United States","volume":"8","author":"Hayes RB","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690835"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008913307947"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04889-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","first-page":"719","article-title":"Associations of energy, fat, calcium, and vitamin D with prostate cancer risk","volume":"11","author":"Kristal AR","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","first-page":"64","article-title":"A prospective study of intake of fish and marine fatty acids and prostate cancer","volume":"12","author":"Augustsson K","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a000798"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","first-page":"281","article-title":"Fatty acid levels and subsequent development of prostate cancer","volume":"37","author":"Alberg AJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3570","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.20.17.3570","article-title":"Diet and trend in prostate\u2010specific antigen: inferences for prostate cancer risk","volume":"20","author":"Kristal LR","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/86.4.281"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970516)71:4<545::AID-IJC7>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","first-page":"889","article-title":"Biomarkers of essential fatty acid consumption and risk of prostatic carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Godley PA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(99)00036-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.1070"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114416"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589509514390"},{"volume-title":"Campbell's urology","year":"1992","author":"Stamey TA","key":"e_1_2_5_27_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/105.6.667"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Urologic pathology: the prostate","author":"Gleason DF","year":"1977"},{"volume-title":"AJCC cancer staging manual","year":"1998","author":"Fleming ID","key":"e_1_2_5_30_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(91)80573-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67035-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.10.013"},{"volume-title":"SAS [computer program]. 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