{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:01:13Z","timestamp":1790413273053,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]],"date-time":"2004-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The efficacy and feasibility of donor granulocyte transfusion therapy (GTX) have changed considerably over the past four decades. The authors sought to determine the impact of high\u2010dose (approximately 5.5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup> cells) GTX in patients with candidemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors' case\u2013control retrospective analysis comprised 491 consecutive patients treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston,TX) from 1993 to 2000. The cohort included 29 patients with <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species bloodstream infection who had received GTX and 462 who had not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both groups were comparable in age, gender, APACHE II score, recent chemotherapy received, broad\u2010spectrum antibiotics, systemic corticosteroids, radiotherapy, intravascular catheter, and concordant antifungal therapy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2265 0.1). The patients who received GTX compared with those who did not had a higher incidence of underlying leukemia (86% vs. 29%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), persistent neutropenia (59% vs. 18%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), non\u2010<jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> candidemia (<jats:italic>Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>, 35%; <jats:italic>Candida krusei<\/jats:italic>, 31%: 90% vs. 67%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01), and breakthrough invasive mycosis (62% vs. 23%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Neutropenia was more prolonged in patients who received GTX (28 vs. 10 days, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Also, more of the patients who received GTX had received hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (28% vs. 13%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), exposure (within 4 weeks) to antifungals (79% vs. 38%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and stays in critical care units (62% vs. 40%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). The overall attributable mortality rate for 25 evaluable recipients of GTX was 48% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 12), compared with 45% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 115) of 254 evaluable patients in the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.5). Of the 158 patients with leukemia, 25 (16%) had received GTX. In patients with leukemia, more of those who had received GTX experienced disseminated candidiasis (44% vs. 26%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.07) and persistent neutropenia (68% vs. 43%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.02), had candidemia that was more prolonged (&gt; 72 hours, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.02), and had more stays in critical care units (68% vs. 44%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.03). On the bases of a reduced multivariate model, a significantly increased risk of death was found for patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.51; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.99\u20136.31; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), for patients with persistent neutropenia (OR = 4.57; 95% CI, 1.99\u201310.47; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0003), and for patients with leukemia who also had prolonged candidemia (OR = 3.59; 95% CI, 1.61\u20137.98; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.002), disseminated candidiasis (OR = 5.19; 95% CI, 2.17\u201312.42; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0002), or non\u2010<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic> candidemia (OR = 5.02; 95% CI, 1.07\u201323.64; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.04). In patients with leukemia, death was attributable to candidemia in 50% of the GTX recipients, compared with 59% of the non\u2010GTX patients who had received antifungal therapy alone (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.4).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the presence of multiple predictors of increased mortality, high\u2010dose GTX therapy in these high\u2010risk patients with cancer was associated with better than expected survival rates. Cancer 2004. \u00a9 2004 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,12]],"date-time":"2004-11-12T16:19:45Z","timestamp":1100276385000},"page":"2859-2865","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Impact of high\u2010dose granulocyte transfusions in patients with cancer with candidemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Amar","family":"Safdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hend A.","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Boktour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios P.","family":"Kontoyiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Hachem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Lichtiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil J.","family":"Freireich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issam I.","family":"Raad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199305063281808"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(05)70198-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-64-2-328"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000091182.93122.8e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00030-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)01130-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1964.tb40726.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V81.7.1675.1675"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317943"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.2920100303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2400811"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.11.3302.010k35_3302_3309"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/382874"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1994.34394196620.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(18)30114-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90288-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"751","article-title":"Compliment, granulocytes and pulmonary capillaries","volume":"11","author":"Solal\u2010Celigny P","year":"1983","journal-title":"Rev Fr Mal Respir."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V57.1.90.90","article-title":"Concomitant administration of granulocyte transfusion and amphotericin B in neutropenic patients: absence of significant pulmonary toxicity","volume":"57","author":"Dana BW","year":"1981","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Leukocyte transfusion therapy for patients with host\u2010defense failure","volume":"5","author":"McCredie KB","year":"1973","journal-title":"Transplant Proc."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1998.38898375510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","volume-title":"Clinical applications of cytokines and growth factors","author":"Jendiroba DB","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","first-page":"359","article-title":"Granulocyte transfusion therapy","volume":"33","author":"Klein HG","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Hematol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-003-0628-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V73.1.301.301","article-title":"Respiratory burst in adherent human neutrophils: triggering by colony\u2010stimulating factor CSF\u2010GM and CSF\u2010G","volume":"73","author":"Nathan CF","year":"1989","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.3.579"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1700749"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"2267","article-title":"Candida krusei fungemia. An escalating serious infection in immunocompromised patients","volume":"161","author":"Abbas J","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703252"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703732"}],"container-title":["Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcncr.20710","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncr.20710","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T17:08:57Z","timestamp":1760288937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cncr.20710"}},"subtitle":["Retrospective case\u2013control analysis of 491 episodes of Candida species bloodstream infections"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cncr.20710"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.20710","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-543X","1097-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-543X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]]}}}