{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T16:10:39Z","timestamp":1760285439476,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,9]],"date-time":"2005-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1126224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Estrogen is a well known promoting factor of sporadic breast carcinoma. With regard to hereditary breast carcinoma, such as in <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>BRCA2<\/jats:italic> syndromes, to date, the effects of estrogens on risk modification are not clear. Several studies have shown that prophylactic oophorectomy may decrease the risk of breast carcinoma in <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>BRCA2<\/jats:italic> mutation carriers. Moreover, adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for primary breast carcinoma appears to diminish the risk of a second breast malignancy in <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic> mutation carriers. Conversely, exogenous estrogens, such as oral contraceptives, may increase the risk of breast carcinoma in familial breast cancer, as suggested by clinical studies. Paradoxically, the majority of <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic>\u2010related breast carcinomas are negative for ER. There is some biologic evidence of interactions between estrogens and BRCA proteins. <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic> expression could be induced by estradiol in experimental models, whereas recent studies indicate that BRCA1 modifies the regulatory effects of the estrogen receptor (ER) \u03b1 (ER\u03b1). Prospective studies will be required to estimate the potential benefits of estrogen suppression therapies for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>BRCA2<\/jats:italic>\u2010related breast carcinomas. Cancer 2005. \u00a9 2005 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,9]],"date-time":"2005-09-09T19:16:40Z","timestamp":1126293400000},"page":"1567-1574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Is <i>BRCA1<\/i>\/<i>BRCA2<\/i>\u2010related breast carcinogenesis estrogen 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