{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T23:50:22Z","timestamp":1783813822268,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]],"date-time":"2005-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Alfred und Angelika Gutermuth-Stiftung"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Transregio 17"},{"name":"Bundesministerium fur Forschung und Technologie, NGFN2"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, induced in vitro differentiation of primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts, an effect enhanced by all\u2010trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Clinical responses to VPA were recently observed in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Herein, the authors have described results of a clinical trial with VPA plus ATRA in 26 patients with poor\u2010risk AML.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>VPA (5\u201310 mg\/kg starting dose) and ATRA (45 mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) were administered orally. Low\u2010dose AraC or hydroxyurea were permitted to control leukocytosis. Biologic activity of VPA was confirmed by serial analysis of HDAC2 protein levels in peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen of 26 patients completed at least 4 weeks of VPA\/ATRA treatment; 7 patients were withdrawn prematurely because of rapidly progressive disease (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3) or unacceptable neurologic and cardiovascular toxicity (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4). Additional cytoreductive treatment was required in 58% of patients enrolled. Median treatment duration was 3 months. No patient achieved complete remission, one with de novo AML had a minor response, and two patients with secondary AML arising from myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) achieved a partial remission and clearance of PB blasts, respectively. The latter responses were accompanied by profound granulocytosis and erythrocytosis in both patients, reminiscent of the response pattern known from ATRA treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, cytogenetic analysis of isolated CD34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and granulocytes did not reveal terminal differentiation of leukemic blasts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment with VPA\/ATRA results in transient disease control in a subset of patients with AML that has evolved from a myeloproliferative disorder but not in patients with a primary or MDS\u2010related AML. Cancer 2005. \u00a9 2005 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,18]],"date-time":"2005-11-18T02:46:28Z","timestamp":1132281988000},"page":"2717-2725","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Clinical trial of valproic acid and all\u2010trans retinoic acid in patients with poor\u2010risk acute myeloid leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Gesine","family":"Bug","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Wassmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Schoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Heinzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Romanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver 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