{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T04:08:44Z","timestamp":1790482124912,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,18]],"date-time":"2006-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1137542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to assess the cosmesis and toxicities in patients with early\u2010stage breast carcinoma who received treatment with accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) using interstitial brachytherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>From April 1993 to December 2001, 199 patients with Stage I\u2013II breast carcinoma received breast\u2010conserving therapy with APBI to the tumor bed alone through a low\u2010dose\u2010rate (LDR) or high\u2010dose\u2010rate (HDR) implant. A template guide was used. The LDR dose was 50 Gray (Gy) over 96 hours; the outpatient HDR implant delivered 32 Gy in 8\u2010Gy or 34 Gy in 10\u2010Gy twice\u2010daily fractions. Cosmesis (Harvard criteria) and toxicities (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group guidelines) were assessed at \u2264 6 months, 2 years, and 5 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median follow up was 6.4 years. Breast pain, edema, erythema, and hyperpigmentation all diminished over time. Breast fibrosis and hypopigmentation increased until the 2\u2010year mark and then stabilized. Fat necrosis and telangiectasia increased over time, with a fat necrosis rate of 11% at 5 years. Nearly all telangiectasias (34% at 5 yrs) were Grade 1 (&lt; 2 mm). The remaining toxicities were Grade 1 at all follow\u2010up intervals. Infections (11%) occurred predominantly within the first month after treatment. Good\u2010to\u2010excellent cosmetic outcomes were noted in 95\u201399% of patients over time; cosmetic results stabilized at 2 years with excellent results increased out to 5 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>APBI with interstitial brachytherapy resulted in mild chronic toxicities, the majority of which diminished or reached a plateau over time. Long\u2010term cosmesis was good to excellent in 95\u201399% of patients and stabilized at 2 years. Cancer 2006. \u00a9 2006 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,18]],"date-time":"2006-01-18T17:17:08Z","timestamp":1137604628000},"page":"991-999","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Long\u2010term cosmetic results and toxicity after accelerated partial\u2010breast irradiation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Peter Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank A.","family":"Vicini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Benitez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry 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