{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T03:27:01Z","timestamp":1784690821778,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,5]],"date-time":"2006-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1144195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glucocorticoid was used in thymomas. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous high\u2010dose glucocorticoid (steroid pulse) therapy in patients with previously untreated advanced thymoma. Causes were also sought for a possible underlying mechanism of the effect of steroid on thymoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen patients with invasive thymoma who had not received previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy were enrolled in the study. All cases were treated with 2 courses of glucocorticoid therapy before surgery. Tumor response was assessed by computed tomography (CT) scan 1 week after the steroid pulse therapy. Lymphocytes associated with thymoma were analyzed for their CD4\/CD8 phenotype and glucocorticoid receptor (GR). TdT\u2010mediated dUTP\u2010biotin nick\u2010end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to analyze the apoptotic lymphocytes and epithelial cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall response rate to the steroid pulse therapy was 47.1% (8 of 17). The reduction in tumor size was most prominent in type B1 thymomas; there were significant differences between type AB and type B1 thymomas (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .0234) and type B1 and type B3 thymomas (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .0068). The reduction in tumor size was accompanied with a marked reduction in the CD4+8+ double\u2010positive immature thymocytes that expressed higher levels of glucocorticoid receptor. Apoptotic changes were observed in both neoplastic epithelial cell and lymphocyte components after glucocorticoid therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The efficiency of preoperative steroid pulse therapy in type B1 thymoma was most prominent, which is probably related to the specific effect on GR\u2010rich CD4+8+ double\u2010positive immature lymphocytes, which are abundant in this type of thymoma. Cancer 2006. \u00a9 2006 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,5]],"date-time":"2006-04-05T11:52:07Z","timestamp":1144237927000},"page":"1901-1907","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Preoperative steroid pulse therapy for invasive thymoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoki","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidefumi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhiro","family":"Yukiue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Haneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Kawano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","series-title":"Atlas of tumor pathology, 2nd series, fascicle 13","volume-title":"Tumors of the thymus","author":"Rosai J","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(78)80131-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850301)55:5<1074::AID-CNCR2820550524>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62751-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","first-page":"447","article-title":"Thymomas, current experience and future directions in therapy","volume":"45","author":"Loeher PJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196509)18:9<1131::AID-CNCR2820180914>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(99)70343-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981015)83:8<1495::AID-CNCR4>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)01175-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810401)47:7<1752::AID-CNCR2820470705>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","series-title":"Rosai J. 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