{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T04:17:19Z","timestamp":1785039439737,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,22]],"date-time":"2006-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1158883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Classic Kaposi sarcoma (CKS) is an inflammatory\u2010mediated neoplasm that develops in the presence of KS\u2010associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and immune perturbation. In the current study, the authors compared CKS cases with age\u2010matched and sex\u2010matched KSHV\u2010seropositive controls without human immunodeficiency virus\u20101 infection and markers of viral control, blood counts, CD4\u2010positive and CD8\u2010positive lymphocytes, and serum \u03b2\u20102\u2010microglobulin and neopterin levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Viral loads were detected using real\u2010time amplification of the KSHV\u2010<jats:italic>K6<\/jats:italic> and EBV\u2010<jats:italic>pol<\/jats:italic> genes, anti\u2010K8.1 (lytic) titers were detected by enzyme\u2010linked immunoadsorbent assay, and antilatent nuclear antigen (LANA) titers were detected using immunofluorescence. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, and study site.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) KSHV DNA detection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 .0001) and high KSHV lytic (&gt;1:1745; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 .0001) and latent (&gt;1:102,400; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .03) antibody titers were found to be positively associated with CKS risk. Antibody titers were higher in cases with lesions compared with cases without lesions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264.05). The detection of Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV) DNA in PBMCs was not found to be associated with CKS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .95). Independent of PBMC KSHV DNA, CKS risk was found to be positively associated with reduced hematocrit (&lt;37.4%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .03), hemoglobin (&lt;12g\/dL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .04), and lymphocytes (&lt;1000 cells\/\u03bcL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .004), including CD4\u2010positive (+) cells (&lt;457 cells\/\u03bcL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .07) and CD8+ cells (&lt;213cells\/\u03bcL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .04), and with increased monocytes (\u2265638 cells\/\u03bcL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .009). Nonsignificant elevations of \u03b2\u20102\u2010microglobulin and neopterin were observed among cases regardless of disease burden (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2265 .08). In a multivariate model, the CKS risk was found to be associated with PBMC KSHV DNA (OR of 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4\u20135.3), a high KSHV lytic antibody titer (OR of 3.7; 95% CI, 1.9\u20137.4), and low lymphocytes, particularly among those patients age &lt;70 years (OR of 8.0; 95% CI, 2.7\u201323.7).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of the current study appear to corroborate the specificity of KSHV and highlight the hematologic and immunologic correlates involved in the pathogenesis of CKS. Cancer 2006. Published 2006 by the American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,22]],"date-time":"2006-09-22T18:57:43Z","timestamp":1158951463000},"page":"2282-2290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Virologic, hematologic, and immunologic risk factors for classic Kaposi sarcoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Whitby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vickie","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Mbisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Gamache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Lauria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Alberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Serraino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Cordiali\u2010Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Goedert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7997879"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199505043321801"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199602000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.5.395"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200308150-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990909)82:6<817::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.11.1421"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.11.3727","article-title":"Effects of cytokines from activated immune cells on vascular cell growth and HIV\u20101 gene expression. 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