{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T02:30:34Z","timestamp":1789871434504,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,13]],"date-time":"2006-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1163376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to determine whether hypogonadism and autonomic dysfunction contribute substantially to cancer\u2010related fatigue, decreased sexual desire, and depression in male patients with advanced, incurable cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010eight patients who had received no major antineoplastic intervention for at least 2 weeks were tested for autonomic dysfunction by using Ewing tests. Total and free testosterone levels were measured. Multivariate analyses were performed to test the relation of these factors with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) (the Functional Assessment of Anorexia\/Cachexia Therapy [FAACT] scale and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy\u2010Fatigue [FACIT\u2010F] subscale), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, the Sexual Desire Inventory, and sexual function (Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System subscale). Common causes for fatigue (anemia, depression, malnutrition, symptom distress, and medications) also were considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010eight of 47 patients (81%) had autonomic dysfunction, although it was not associated significantly with the other variables examined. Twenty\u2010nine of 45 patients (64%) had a low level of free testosterone (hypogonadism), which was correlated with the HADS Anxiety score (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .002), the FACT Emotional Well\u2010Being score (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02), and the HADS Depression score (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .04). Hypogonadal men also had lower scores on the FACT Functional Well\u2010Being scale (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .01) and the FACIT\u2010F subscale (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .05). Men who reported symptoms related to weight loss (FAACT scale) had significantly lower levels of free testosterone (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.34; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02) but did not differ from the other group in actual weight loss (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .22). The total testosterone level was not appropriate for screening of hypogonadism unless the patients had values &lt;100 ng\/ mL. Logistic regression analysis failed to reveal a distinct multivariate model of autonomic dysfunction or hypogonadism that predicted clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypogonadism is a frequent condition in patients with advanced, incurable cancer and is associated with negative mood, fatigue, and symptoms related to anorexia\/cachexia. Cancer 2006. \u00a9 2006 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,17]],"date-time":"2006-11-17T04:45:51Z","timestamp":1163738751000},"page":"2949-2957","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["The impact of hypogonadism and autonomic dysfunction on fatigue, emotional function, and sexual desire in male patients with advanced cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Strasser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Lynn","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie R.","family":"Schover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Wamique","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Pisters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rena","family":"Vassilopoulou\u2010Sellin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"DeGracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie S.","family":"Willey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Bruera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2004.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"369","article-title":"Progress toward guidelines for the management of fatigue","volume":"12","author":"Cella D","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(01)00305-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008318932641"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"National Institutes of Health State\u2010of\u2010the\u2010Science Conference Statement: symptom management in cancer: pain, depression, and fatigue, July 15\u201317, 2002","volume":"32","author":"Patrick DL","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"Are inflammatory cytokines the common link between cancer\u2010associated cachexia and depression?","volume":"3","author":"Illman J","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Support Oncol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","volume-title":"Oncology: An Evidence\u2010Based Approach","author":"Schover LR"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010815)92:4 <1008::AID-CNCR1413>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"1383","article-title":"Study of cardiovascular autonomic insufficiency in advanced cancer patients","volume":"70","author":"Bruera E","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(87)80041-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-002-0376-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1985.tb00755.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152091501750220028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.5.1553"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.5.1470"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199703063361010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00087-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(99)00227-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-200106000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.3.385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2006.00992.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.10.3578"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","first-page":"2495","article-title":"Hypogonadism in male patients with metastatic cancer prior to chemotherapy","volume":"42","author":"Chlebowski RT","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","first-page":"199","article-title":"Pancreatic carcinoma and low serum testosterone; a correlation secondary to cancer cachexia?","volume":"14","author":"Todd BD","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0970215","article-title":"Weight loss and low body cell mass in males with lung cancer: relationship with systemic inflammation, acute\u2010phase response, resting energy expenditure, and catabolic and anabolic hormones","volume":"97","author":"Simons JP","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Colchester)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.6.6615"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21889"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-2398"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","series-title":"Neurology in Clinical Practice","first-page":"1953","volume-title":"The Neurological Disorders","author":"Mathias CJ","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/70.7.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(86)80078-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.3.523"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(96)00274-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016670403148"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(20000501)88:9<2164::AID-CNCR24>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(00)00102-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00926239608414655"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00435432"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.11.4051"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-005-0009-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.2.7219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.2.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.021121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.10.3299"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2005.8.1144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0929"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01339"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.028399"}],"container-title":["Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcncr.22339","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncr.22339","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T17:38:08Z","timestamp":1760290688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cncr.22339"}},"subtitle":["A pilot study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,8]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cncr.22339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.22339","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-543X","1097-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-543X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,8]]}}}