{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:51:26Z","timestamp":1792266686472,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,11]],"date-time":"2007-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1197331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The etiology of most pediatric neoplasms remains elusive. Examination of population\u2010based incidence data provides insight regarding etiology among various demographic groups and may result in new hypotheses. The objective of the current study was to present updated information regarding childhood cancer incidence and trends in the U.S. overall and among demographic subgroups, including Asian\/Pacific Islanders and Hispanics, for whom to the authors' knowledge trends have not been previously examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data obtained by 13 registries of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program were evaluated to assess incidence and trends of common primary cancers diagnosed between 1992 and 2004 among children aged birth to 19 years. Frequencies, age\u2010adjusted incidence rates, and joinpoint regression results, including annual percent change (APC) in incidence rates (and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]), were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 1992 and 2004, a modest, nonsignificant increase in the average annual incidence rate (APC, 0.4%; 95% CI, \u22120.1%\u20130.8%) was observed for all pediatric cancer diagnoses combined. There was a suggestion of an increase in leukemia (APC, 0.7%; 95% CI, \u22120.1%\u20131.5%), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in particular (APC, 0.8%; 95% CI, \u22120.4%\u20131.9%), whereas rates for central nervous system tumors overall were stable (APC, \u22120.1%; 95% CI, \u22121.1%\u20131.0%); 2 joinpoints were observed for astrocytoma. Rate increases were noted for hepatoblastoma (APC, 4.3%; 95% CI, 0.2%\u20138.7%) and melanoma (APC, 2.8%; 95% CI, 0.5%\u20135.1%). Differences by demographic group (sex, age, and race\/ethnicity) are also described.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The observed trends reinforce an ongoing need for population\u2010based surveillance and further etiologic studies. Cancer 2008. \u00a9 2007 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,11]],"date-time":"2007-12-11T14:16:56Z","timestamp":1197382616000},"page":"416-432","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":551,"title":["Trends in childhood cancer incidence in the U.S. (1992\u20132004)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Amy M.","family":"Linabery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","volume-title":"Cancer Facts and Figures 2007","author":"American Cancer Society","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.S1.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"U.S. reshaping cancer strategy as incidence in children rises","author":"Cushman JH","year":"1997","journal-title":"New York Times."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cancer rates for children worry experts\/hundreds gather to discuss threat","author":"Freedberg L","year":"1997","journal-title":"San Francisco Chronicle."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"Cancers haunt town, defy science","author":"Ritter J","year":"2001","journal-title":"USA Today."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890209602937"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","volume-title":"Cancer incidence and survival among children and adolescents","author":"Ries LAG","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.12.1051"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","volume-title":"SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975\u20132004","author":"Ries LAG","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","unstructured":"Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. SEER*Stat Database: Incidence \u2014 SEER 13 Regs Limited\u2010Use (1992\u20132004). Bethesda Md: National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences Surveillance Research Program Cancer Statistics Branch released April2007 based on the November 2006 submission. Available at URL:www.seer.cancer.gov. Accessed on June 14 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19951201)76:11<2343::AID-CNCR2820761124>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","volume-title":"International Classification of Diseases for Oncology","author":"Fritz AG","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","unstructured":"SEER*Stat software Version 6.3.5. Bethesda Md: Surveillance Research Program National Cancer Institute; Year. Available at URL:www.seer.cancer.gov\/seerstat. Accessed on June 14 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","unstructured":"Joinpoint Regression Program. Version 3.0. 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