{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T03:49:42Z","timestamp":1780631382615,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,2]],"date-time":"2008-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND.<\/jats:title><jats:p>More cases of bronchogenic carcinoma have been reported in recent years, and these patients are more prone to secondary aspergillosis. However, the frequency of secondary aspergillosis in bronchogenic carcinoma still has not been defined clearly in the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study population was comprised of 69 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and 16 healthy controls. Histopathologic examination was done to identify carcinoma cell types and to categorize aspergillosis types. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were collected for direct fungal examination, culture, <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and galactomannan (GM) detection using a 1\u2010stage immunoenzymatic sandwich microplate assay; and blood samples were collected for fungal serology by double immunodiffusion (DID), enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and dot blot assay (DBA). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were analyzed for various nonvalidated tests. Twenty\u2010five patients had follow\u2010up data available for an analysis of clinical and diagnostic outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cohort included patients with squamous cell carcinoma (n = 47), adenocarcinoma (n = 16), small cell carcinoma (n = 3), large cell carcinoma (n = 2), and undiagnosed type (n = 1), and patients were categorized with definite invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) (n = 6), probable IPA (n = 17), possible IPA (n = 13), and non\u2010IPA (n = 33). Most patients were in the group ages 45 years to &lt;60 years, and there was a preponderance of men (10.5:1). Cultures from 20 of 69 patients (29%) revealed the growth of <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> species. Anti\u2010<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> antibodies were detected in 26 of 69 patients (37.7%) each by DID and DBA, whereas antibodies were detected in 28 of 69 patients (40.6%) by ELISA. GM was detected in BAL fluids from 25 of 69 patients (36.2%), whereas <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> DNA was detected in 32 of 69 patients (46.4%) by PCR. The sensitivity of PCR and serologic tests (ELISA, DID, and DBA) was 100% for definite IPA, whereas the sensitivity of PCR was comparatively higher than that of serologic tests for probable IPA, possible IPA, and non\u2010IPA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study indicated that there frequently is an association between bronchogenic carcinoma and secondary aspergillosis, and definite IPA and probable IPA are common clinical problems in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer 2008. \u00a9 2008 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,2]],"date-time":"2008-06-02T20:02:50Z","timestamp":1212436970000},"page":"547-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Bronchogenic carcinoma and secondary aspergillosis\u2014Common yet unexplored"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Shahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abida","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Bhargava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"507","article-title":"Prevalence of aspergillosis in bronchogenic carcinoma","volume":"46","author":"Malik A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.6.1379"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"201","article-title":"Prevalence of aspergillosis in chronic lung diseases","volume":"19","author":"Shahid M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513943"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.51.9.652"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"24","article-title":"Detection of Aspergillus DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of AIDS patients by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"15","author":"Bart\u2010Delabesse E","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"862","article-title":"Infections caused by filamentous fungi in patients with hematologic malignancies\u2014a report of 391 cases by GIMEMA Infection Program","volume":"86","author":"Pagano L","year":"2001","journal-title":"Haematologica."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"862","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis complicating bronchogenic carcinoma\u2014a report of 2 cases","volume":"83","author":"Tsai GL","year":"1984","journal-title":"Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"360","article-title":"A case report of cavitary bronchial carcinoma with intracavitary aspergillosis","volume":"31","author":"Tanaka H","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-86-5-539"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"60","article-title":"Immunodiagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in rabbits. 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