{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T06:41:12Z","timestamp":1791009672394,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thymic malignancies are rare tumors. The insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 (IGF\u20101)\/IGF\u20101 receptor (IGF\u20101R) system is involved in the development of the thymus. IGF\u20101R expression in thymic epithelial malignancies is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors investigated the expression of IGF\u20101R and phosphorylated AKT serine 473 (p\u2010AKT) by using immunohistochemistry and examined the clinicopathologic correlations in a retrospective, single\u2010institution surgical series of 132 patients with thymic epithelial malignancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Earlier disease stage, less aggressive histologic types, and complete resection were significant positive prognostic factors for disease\u2010related survival and progression\u2010free survival, and being a woman was a better prognostic factor for disease\u2010related survival. IGF\u20101R and p\u2010AKT protein levels were expressed in 20% and 36% of thymic tumors, respectively. Both markers were expressed more commonly in recurrent disease than in primary tumors, in more aggressive subtypes, and in more advanced disease stages. There was a trend toward better survival and progression\u2010free survival in patients who were negative for IGF\u20101R or p\u2010AKT expression in the whole series. When only the 91 primary tumors, IGF1R expression was associated with worse progression\u2010free survival (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current retrospective analysis demonstrated that disease stage, tumor histology, sex, and resection type were major prognostic factors in the survival of patients with thymic malignancies. The expression levels of IGF\u20101R and p\u2010AKT in thymic tumors suggested that IGF\u20101R is a potential target for treatment. Cancer 2010. Published 2010 by the American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,6]],"date-time":"2010-07-06T15:34:16Z","timestamp":1278430456000},"page":"4686-4695","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 receptor and phosphorylated AKT\u2010serine 473 expression in 132 resected thymomas and thymic carcinomas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Paolo A.","family":"Zucali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iacopo","family":"Petrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Lorenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Di Tommaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Seung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Incarbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz A.","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Simonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Roncalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Giaccone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.10231"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10226"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860801)58:3<765::AID-CNCR2820580326>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"3708","article-title":"Correlating genetic aberrations with World Health Organization\u2010defined histology and stage across the spectrum of thymomas","volume":"63","author":"Inoue M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00555-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-009-0083-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.coc.0000046301.83671.09"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejso.2001.1197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.49.31163"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.21.3.0399"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-419X(97)00007-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1520339"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-149435"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2536"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728220903201702"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-1118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543780903055049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-7940(94)90155-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.10.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-1712"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","first-page":"237","article-title":"Bcl\u20102 and p53 oncoprotein expression during colorectal tumorigenesis","volume":"55","author":"Sinicrope FA","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(03)00798-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10665"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","first-page":"103","article-title":"Insulin\u2010like growth factor binding protein\u20103 and insulin receptor substrate\u20101 in breast cancer: correlation with clinical parameters and disease\u2010free survival","volume":"3","author":"Rocha RL","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdn727"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(00)00422-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/mp.54.3.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63031-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31818e105c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181b6be57"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8116","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.8116","article-title":"Imatinib for the treatment of thymic carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Salter J","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","first-page":"7968","article-title":"Phase II study of gefitinib treatment in advanced thymic malignancies","volume":"23","author":"Kurup A","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(07)70141-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1514"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2006.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyl028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(03)00159-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","first-page":"200","article-title":"Insulin\u2010like growth factor receptor I mediates resistance to anti\u2010epidermal growth factor receptor therapy in primary human glioblastoma cells through continued activation of phosphoinositide 3\u2010kinase signaling","volume":"62","author":"Chakravarti A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."}],"container-title":["Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcncr.25367","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncr.25367","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T09:36:37Z","timestamp":1760261797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cncr.25367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cncr.25367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.25367","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-543X","1097-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-543X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}}}