{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:19:39Z","timestamp":1792023579691,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,8]],"date-time":"2010-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1289174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has a poor prognosis, with a median survival of 5 to 8 months without treatment. Response and survival after chemoembolization were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lobar or segmental chemoembolization with cisplatinum, doxorubicin, mitomycin\u2010C, ethiodol, and polyvinyl alcohol particles was performed at monthly intervals for 1\u20104 sessions until the entire intrahepatic tumor burden was treated. Cross\u2010sectional imaging and clinical and laboratory evaluation were performed before treatment, 1 month after treatment, and then every 3 months. A second cycle of treatment was performed for intrahepatic recurrence. Toxicity was assessed using NCI CTC v.3.0. Response was evaluated using RECIST criteria, and survival was estimated with Kaplan\u2010Meier analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010two patients were treated. Thirty\u2010seven had pathologically proven cholangiocarcinoma, and 25 had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of unknown primary, likely cholangiocarcinoma. One hundred and twenty\u2010two total procedures were performed during the initial cycle of treatment (mean, 2.0 per patient). Twenty patients received a second cycle, for a total of 165 procedures. There were 5 major complications. Thirty\u2010day disease\u2010specific mortality was 0%. Forty\u2010five of 62 patients were evaluable for morphologic response after completion of their initial cycle: 11% (n = 5) partial responses, 64% (n = 29) stable, and 24% (n = 11) progressed. Median time to progression from first chemoembolization was 8 months, with 28% free of progression at 12 months. Median survival from time of diagnosis was 20 months, with 1\u2010, 2\u2010, and 3\u2010year survival of 75%, 39%, and 17%, respectively. Median survival from time of first chemoembolization was 15 months, with 1\u2010, 2\u2010, and 3\u2010year survival of 61%, 27%, and 8%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between patients with cholangiocarcinoma and those with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Patients who also received systemic chemotherapy had improved overall survival (median 28 vs 16 months, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02; HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.13\u20103.33).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chemoembolization provided local disease control (PR + SD) of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma of unknown primary in 76%. Overall survival after chemoembolization showed the best outcomes for those receiving multidisciplinary integrated liver\u2010directed and systemic therapies. Cancer 2011. \u00a9 2010 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,8]],"date-time":"2010-11-08T16:49:35Z","timestamp":1289234975000},"page":"1498-1505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Chemoembolization of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with cisplatinum, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, ethiodol, and polyvinyl alcohol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Matthew V.","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Fraker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Olthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Christians","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Pappas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Rilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Soulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67530-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-007-0312-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/82.5.628"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i8.1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(07)61824-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-198212000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.3.205","article-title":"New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. 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