{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:10:08Z","timestamp":1792001408217,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]],"date-time":"2011-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1295827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proton beam therapy (PBT) may provide useful local\u2010regional treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PBT for HCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with cirrhosis who had radiological features or biopsy\u2010proven HCC were included in the study. Patients without cirrhosis and patients with extrahepatic metastasis were excluded. The mean age was 62.7 years. The mean tumor size was 5.5 cm. Eleven patients had multiple tumors, and 46% were within the Milan criteria. Patients received 63 Gy delivered over a 3\u2010week period with PBT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010six patients were treated and followed prospectively for treatment outcomes at Loma Linda University Medical Center. Acute toxicity was minimal; all patients completed the full course of treatment. Radiation\u2010induced liver disease was evaluated using liver enzyme, bilirubin, and albumin levels; no significant change supervened 6 months posttreatment. Median progression\u2010free survival for the entire group was 36 months, with a 60% 3\u2010year progression\u2010free survival rate for patients within the Milan criteria. Eighteen patients subsequently underwent liver transplantation; 6 (33%) explants showed pathological complete response and 7 (39%) showed only microscopic residual.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>PBT was found to be a safe and effective local\u2010regional therapy for inoperable HCC. A randomized controlled trial to compare its efficacy to a standard therapy has been initiated. Cancer 2011. \u00a9 2011 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]],"date-time":"2011-01-24T16:10:40Z","timestamp":1295885440000},"page":"3053-3059","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["The safety and efficacy of high\u2010dose proton beam radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase 2 prospective trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Bush","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeid","family":"Kayali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Grove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry D.","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.55.2.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903113401001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14964-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199603143341104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(92)90039-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(90)90110-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.33156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597435"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","volume-title":"Presented at: Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium; January 27\u201029","author":"Tokuuye K","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.00.620"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression models and life tables (with discussion)","volume":"34","author":"Cox D.","year":"1972","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)00418-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90651-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-1350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21811"}],"container-title":["Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcncr.25809","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncr.25809","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T10:46:22Z","timestamp":1760265982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cncr.25809"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cncr.25809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.25809","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-543X","1097-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-543X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]]}}}