{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:26:24Z","timestamp":1789723584117,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,24]],"date-time":"2011-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lenalidomide, an immunomodulatory agent, has activity in lymphoproliferative disorders. The authors, therefore, evaluated its effects on T\u2010cell immunophenotype and cytokine production in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the immunomodulatory effects of lenalidomide in CLL, the authors recruited 24 patients with untreated CLL enrolled in a phase 2 clinical trial of lenalidomide and obtained peripheral blood specimens for immunologic studies consisting of enumeration of T cells and assessing their ability to synthesize cytokines after activation through T\u2010cell receptor (TCR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 3 cycles of therapy, patients had a significant reduction in percentage (%) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and an increase in percentage of T cells, percentage of activated CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells producing IFN\u2010\u03b3, and percentage of regulatory T (T<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub>) cells when compared with their respective levels before treatment. After 15 cycles of treatment, responder patients had significant reduction in percentage of lymphocytes and ALC, percentage of activated CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells producing IL\u20102, IFN\u2010\u03b3, or TNF\u2010\u03b1, and percentage of T<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub> cells when compared with their perspective levels after 3 cycles of treatment. Furthermore, the numbers of activated CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells producing IL\u20102, IFN\u2010\u03b3, or TNF\u2010\u03b1, activated CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells producing IFN\u2010\u03b3, and T<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub> cells normalized to the range of healthy subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment with lenalidomide resulted in the normalization of functional T\u2010cell subsets in responders, suggesting that lenalidomide may modulate cell\u2010mediated immunity in patients with CLL. Cancer 2011;. \u00a9 2011 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,26]],"date-time":"2011-02-26T10:11:44Z","timestamp":1298715104000},"page":"3999-4008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Treatment with lenalidomide modulates T\u2010cell immunophenotype and cytokine production in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Bang\u2010Ning","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan 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