{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:38:02Z","timestamp":1790401082004,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]],"date-time":"2011-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1302739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smoking and alcohol consumption are associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. However, it is unclear whether these exposures are associated with survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Men and women diagnosed with incident colorectal cancer between 1998 and 2007 in 13 counties in western Washington State were identified by using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry. Information on smoking history and alcohol consumption was collected by telephone interview. Follow\u2010up for mortality was completed through linkage to the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations among smoking, alcohol consumption, and mortality after colorectal cancer diagnosis. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, age at diagnosis (&lt;50 years, \u226550 years), tumor site (proximal, distal, rectal), stage (I\u2010II, III\u2010IV), and microsatellite instability status (stable\/low, high).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disease\u2010specific and all\u2010cause mortality were significantly higher for smokers (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.09\u20101.74) compared with never\u2010smokers (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.24\u20101.83). However, this association was most prominent in those with tumors exhibiting high microsatellite instability (HR, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.32\u201011.11) and did not extend to those with rectal cancer (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.72\u20101.61) or those diagnosed before age 50 years (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.67\u20101.48). Alcohol consumption was not associated with disease\u2010specific or all\u2010cause mortality, regardless of patient or tumor characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In addition to an association with disease risk, smoking is associated with increased mortality after colorectal cancer diagnosis. This association is especially pronounced for colorectal cancer with high microsatellite instability. Cancer 2011;. \u00a9 2011 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]],"date-time":"2011-04-14T17:30:20Z","timestamp":1302802220000},"page":"4948-4957","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Prediagnostic smoking history, alcohol consumption, and colorectal cancer survival"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Amanda I.","family":"Phipps","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polly A.","family":"Newcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh275"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-008-0015-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3181a7b7de"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6683"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"497","article-title":"Smoking history and cancer patient survival: a hospital cancer registry study","volume":"21","author":"Yu GP","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Detect Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2006.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.07.0243"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635580701413926"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.6687"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24866"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.221143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22299"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.839"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0517"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.22.1831"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-1535"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2003.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0648"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-4275"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","volume-title":"International Classification of Diseases (ICD)","author":"WHO","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","volume-title":"International Classification of Diseases for Oncology","author":"WHO","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","first-page":"5248","article-title":"A National Cancer Institute Workshop on Microsatellite Instability for cancer detection and familial predisposition: development of international criteria for the determination of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer","volume":"58","author":"Boland CR","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.20.4.1043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/jmoldx.2008.080031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3294-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","volume-title":"SEER Summary Staging Manual \u2010 2000: Codes and Coding Instructions, National Cancer Institute, NIH. 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