{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T17:23:35Z","timestamp":1768325015511,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,22]],"date-time":"2012-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malignancies that occur in excess among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010infected individuals may be caused by immunosuppression or infections. Because histologically defined cancer subtypes have not been systematically evaluated, their risk was assessed among people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analyses included 569,268 people with AIDS from the HIV\/AIDS Cancer Match Study, a linkage of 15 US population\u2010based HIV\/AIDS and cancer registries during 1980 to 2007. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated to compare cancer risk in people with AIDS to the general population overall, and stratified by age, calendar period (a proxy of changing HIV therapies), and time since onset of AIDS (a proxy of immunosuppression).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen individual cancer histologies or histology groupings manifested significantly elevated SIRs. Risks were most elevated for adult T cell leukemia\/lymphoma (SIR = 11.3), neoplasms of histiocytes and accessory lymphoid cells (SIR = 10.7), giant cell carcinoma (SIR = 7.51), and leukemia not otherwise specified (SIR = 6.69). SIRs ranged from 1.4 to 4.6 for spindle cell carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma, adnexal and skin appendage neoplasms, sarcoma not otherwise specified, spindle cell sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, mesothelioma, germ cell tumors, plasma cell tumors, immunoproliferative diseases, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and myeloid leukemias. For several of these cancer subtypes, significant declines in SIRs were observed across calendar periods (consistent with decreasing risk with improved HIV therapies) or increase in SIRs with time since onset of AIDS (ie, prolonged immunosuppression).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The elevated risk of certain cancer subtypes in people with AIDS may point to an etiologic role of immunosuppression or infection. Future studies are needed to further investigate these associations and evaluate candidate infectious agents. Cancer 2012. \u00a9 2012 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,22]],"date-time":"2012-02-22T12:46:10Z","timestamp":1329914770000},"page":"4869-4876","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Increased risk of histologically defined cancer subtypes in human immunodeficiency virus\u2013infected individuals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Meredith S.","family":"Shiels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Engels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283319184"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000238411.75324.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61050-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7997879"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07668-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152586"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.13.1736"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","volume-title":"International Classification of Diseases for Oncology","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults","volume":"41","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1992","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)09028-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.2.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200104010-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181f53783"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283213046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501053320103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.03.7101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22425"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010915)92:6<1460::AID-CNCR1470>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CNV-100107746"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70167-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.18.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21762"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0889"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-1-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850201)55:3<503::AID-CNCR2820550305>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93204-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","volume-title":"World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart","author":"Travis WD","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3816\/CLC.2006.n.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737140.8.4.605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","first-page":"561","article-title":"AIDS\u2010related EBV\u2010associated smooth muscle tumors: A review of 64 published cases","volume":"2011","author":"Purgina B","year":"2011","journal-title":"Patholog Res Int."}],"container-title":["Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcncr.27454","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncr.27454","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T23:59:00Z","timestamp":1760313540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cncr.27454"}},"subtitle":["Clues for possible immunosuppression\u2010related or infectious etiology"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,22]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cncr.27454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.27454","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-543X","1097-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-543X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,22]]}}}