{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:17:24Z","timestamp":1790223444688,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,5]],"date-time":"2012-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mycosis fungoides (MF) and leukemic S\u00e9zary syndrome (SS) are the most common cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL), but their etiology remains unknown. After patients were observed with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)\u2010associated CTCL, HCTZ was examined as a putative chronic antigen in a cohort of prospectively staged patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demographic and drug exposure data was examined from 1443 confirmed MF and SS patients. Hypertensive CTCL patients were divided into HCTZ users or nonusers for statistical analysis by chi\u2010square and <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests. Causality in a case series was rated by the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 815 of 1443 MF and SS patients (56.5%) were hypertensive; 205 (25.2%) were taking HCTZ at initial staging. Comparing stage of patients who were using or not using HCTZ, the most significant difference was between stage I and stage IV (odds ratio of 0.45; 95% confidence interval of 0.25\u20100.78, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .003), demonstrating reduced likelihood of being stage IV in patients who were on HCTZ. Seventy\u2010seven percent of the MF patients on HCTZ were stage I. A total of 125 patients of 196 (63.8%) started HCTZ prior to developing CTCL lesions, and 35 of 121 (28.0%) started within 1 year of first skin rash. Thirty\u2010six of 125 patients (28.8%) experienced complete or partial remissions after discontinuing HCTZ. A monoclonal T cell receptor rearrangement was detected more frequently in the hypertensive stage I patients not taking HCTZ as compared with those who were (55.3% vs 69.1%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .032). Three patients were rechallenged and developed MF lesions that resolved or improved with discontinuation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>HCTZ is commonly prescribed and may be a putative antigen in a small subset of early MF patients. Careful drug histories and a trial off medication are warranted. Cancer 2013. \u00a9 2012 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,5]],"date-time":"2012-09-05T10:51:30Z","timestamp":1346842290000},"page":"825-831","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Hydrochlorothiazide and cutaneous T cell lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Richard R.","family":"Jahan\u2010Tigh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Auris O.","family":"Huen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace L.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny V.","family":"Pozadzides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Duvic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12449.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-251926"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12363352"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23657.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.1.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-07-2247"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90063-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70029-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(99)90266-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"591","article-title":"Exposure to chemicals, physical agents, and biologic agents in mycosis fungoides and the S\u00e9zary syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Fischmann AB","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","volume-title":"The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure","author":"National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.08.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1981.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1D202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","unstructured":"MitchellAA. 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