{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T22:48:25Z","timestamp":1776984505446,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,10]],"date-time":"2013-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the Western world, bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and the eighth most common in women. Recurrences frequently occur, and continued surveillance is necessary to identify and treat recurrent tumors. Efforts to identify risk factors that are potentially modifiable to reduce the rate of recurrence are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cigarette smoking behavior and body mass index were investigated at diagnosis for associations with bladder cancer recurrence in a population\u2010based study of 726 patients with bladder cancer in New Hampshire, United States. Patients diagnosed with non\u2013muscle invasive urothelial cell carcinoma were followed to ascertain long\u2010term prognosis. Analysis of time to recurrence was performed using multivariate Cox regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smokers experienced shorter time to recurrence (continuing smoker hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20091.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.08\u20102.13). Although being overweight (body mass index &gt;\u200924.9 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) at diagnosis was not a strong independent factor (HR\u2009=\u20091.33, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.94\u20101.89), among continuing smokers, being overweight more than doubled the risk of recurrence compared to smokers of normal weight (HR\u2009=\u20092.67, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.14\u20106.28).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>These observational results suggest that adiposity is a risk factor for bladder cancer recurrence, particularly among tobacco users. Future intervention studies are warranted to evaluate whether both smoking cessation and weight reduction strategies reduce bladder tumor recurrences. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Cancer<\/jats:italic> 2014;120:408\u2013414<\/jats:bold>. \u00a9 <jats:italic>2013 American Cancer Society<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T22:41:57Z","timestamp":1381531317000},"page":"408-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Body mass and smoking are modifiable risk factors for recurrent bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Asaf","family":"Wyszynski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon New Hampshire"},{"name":"Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam A.","family":"Tanyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judy R.","family":"Rees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen J.","family":"Marsit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon New Hampshire"},{"name":"Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl T.","family":"Kelsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Environmental Health and Technology Brown University Providence Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan R.","family":"Schned","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eben M.","family":"Pendleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria O.","family":"Celaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Zens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret R.","family":"Karagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angeline S.","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-007-0168-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21166"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.07.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"MontieJ ShipleyW.Bladder Cancer Including Upper Tract Tumors and Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate. 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