{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T17:03:42Z","timestamp":1774026222667,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]],"date-time":"2014-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["204650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["204650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been reported that interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3)\u2013induced inflammatory markers, such as circulating neopterin and kynurenine\u2010to\u2010tryptophan ratio (KTR), are increased in patients with cancer and are also a predictor of poor prognosis. However, whether baseline levels of these makers are associated with subsequent cancer risk in the general population remains unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a prospective analysis of the Hordaland Health Study in 6594 adults without known cancer at baseline who were enrolled between April 1998 and June 1999. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, and renal function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 971 incident cancer cases (507 men and 464 women) were identified over a median follow\u2010up time of 12 years. Baseline plasma neopterin, KTR and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with an increased risk of overall cancer in models adjusted for covariates (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend across quartiles\u2009=\u2009.006 for neopterin, .022 for KTR, and .005 for CRP). The multivariate\u2010adjusted HR (95% CI) per SD increment in similar models were 1.09 (1.03\u20101.16) for neopterin, 1.07 (1.01\u20101.14) for KTR, and 1.04 (0.98\u20101.10) for CRP. The associations between the inflammatory markers and risk of major specific cancer types were also provided.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that plasma neopterin, KTR, and CRP are associated with a significantly increased risk of overall cancer. Our study revealed novel evidence regarding the role of IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2013induced inflammation in human carcinogenesis. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Cancer<\/jats:italic> 2014;120:3370\u20133377.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2014 The Authors. <jats:italic>Cancer<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of <jats:italic>American Cancer Society<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]],"date-time":"2014-06-19T14:44:02Z","timestamp":1403189042000},"page":"3370-3377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Interferon\u2010\u03b3\u2013induced inflammatory markers and the risk of cancer: The Hordaland Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Zuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Section for Pharmacology, Department of Clinical 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