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Elevated PRL values (approximately 2\u20103 times higher than the reference values) are a common adverse effect of antipsychotic medications, especially with first\u2010generation drugs, and most antipsychotics carry a standard warning regarding PRL elevations on their US product labels. These associations foster undertreatment of serious psychiatric illnesses in both otherwise healthy patients and cancer patients. This review assesses both the preclinical and clinical evidence that has led to the hypothesis of PRL's role in breast cancer risk or breast cancer progression. It is concluded that taken together, the published data are unconvincing and insufficient to deprive cancer patients in general and breast cancer patients specifically of potentially effective antipsychotic or antidepressant medications for serious psychiatric indications. We thus call on revised medication guidelines to avoid the existing undertreatment of serious psychiatric illnesses among cancer patients based on an unproven contraindication to psychiatric medications. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Cancer<\/jats:italic> 2016;122:184\u2013188.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 <jats:italic>2015 American Cancer Society<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]],"date-time":"2015-10-13T11:29:08Z","timestamp":1444735748000},"page":"184-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Prolactin and breast cancer: The need to avoid undertreatment of serious psychiatric illnesses in breast cancer patients: A review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Denise","family":"Froes Brandao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Avon International Breast Cancer Research Program Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Global Cancer 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