{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:55:24Z","timestamp":1790204124206,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,28]],"date-time":"2016-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To the authors' knowledge, there are currently no standardized measures of tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure in patients diagnosed with cancer, and this gap hinders the conduct of studies examining the impact of tobacco on cancer treatment outcomes. The objective of the current study was to evaluate and refine questionnaire items proposed by an expert task force to assess tobacco use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trained interviewers conducted cognitive testing with cancer patients aged \u226521 years with a history of tobacco use and a cancer diagnosis of any stage and organ site who were recruited at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. Iterative rounds of testing and item modification were conducted to identify and resolve cognitive issues (comprehension, memory retrieval, decision\/judgment, and response mapping) and instrument navigation issues until no items warranted further significant modification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty participants (6 current cigarette smokers, 1 current cigar smoker, and 23 former cigarette smokers) were enrolled from September 2014 to February 2015. The majority of items functioned well. However, qualitative testing identified wording ambiguities related to cancer diagnosis and treatment trajectory, such as \u201ctreatment\u201d and \u201csurgery\u201d; difficulties with lifetime recall; errors in estimating quantities; and difficulties with instrument navigation. Revisions to item wording, format, order, response options, and instructions resulted in a questionnaire that demonstrated navigational ease as well as good question comprehension and response accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Cancer Patient Tobacco Use Questionnaire (C\u2010TUQ) can be used as a standardized item set to accelerate the investigation of tobacco use in the cancer setting.\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Cancer<\/jats:italic>\n                        2016;122:1728\u201034\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      . \u00a9\n                      <jats:italic>2016 American Cancer Society<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,28]],"date-time":"2016-03-28T21:22:52Z","timestamp":1459200172000},"page":"1728-1734","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Cognitive testing of tobacco use items for administration to patients with cancer and cancer survivors in clinical research"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Stephanie R.","family":"Land","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Control Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute Rockville MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham W.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Crafts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat Inc Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy K.","family":"Hatsukami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie S.","family":"Ostroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon B.","family":"Willis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute Rockville MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica Y.","family":"Chollette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute Rockville MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra A.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute Rockville MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine N. M.","family":"Folz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat Inc Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Gulley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Institute Rockville MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Brandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center Tampa Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia A.","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin A.","family":"Toll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"593","volume-title":"Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology","author":"Gritz ER","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-15-0257"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-012-0230-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26545"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.3088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)03443-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute.Smoking in cancer care\u2013for health professionals (PDQ\u00ae): smoking as a risk factor for second malignancy.http:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about\u2010cancer\/causes\u2010prevention\/risk\/tobacco\/smoking\u2010cessation\u2010hp\u2010pdq#section\/_9. 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