{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:04:36Z","timestamp":1788401076972,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]],"date-time":"2016-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Alberta Hospital Foundation"},{"name":"Oncology and Reconstruction Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma caused by oncogenic HPV (HPV\u2010OPSCC) is rising worldwide. HPV\u2010OPSCC is commonly diagnosed by RT\u2010qPCR of HPV\u201016 E6 and E7 oncoproteins or by cyclin\u2010dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, multiple tumor suppressor 1 (p16) immunohistochemistry (IHC). Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has been recently reported as ultra\u2010sensitive and highly precise method of nucleic acid quantification for biomarker analysis. We aimed to validate this method for the detection of HPV\u201016 E6 and E7 in HPV\u2010OPSCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were recruited from January 2015\u2010November 2015 at initial presentation to the University of Alberta Head and Neck Oncology Clinic. RNA was extracted, purified and quantified from prospectively collected participant tissues, and ddPCR was performed with fluorescent probes detecting HPV\u201016 E6 and E7. Results from ddPCR were compared with p16 IHC performed by clinical pathology as standard of care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Head and neck tissues were prospectively obtained from 68 participants including 29 patients with OPSCC, 29 patients with non\u2010OPSCC and 10 patients without carcinoma. 79.2% of patients with OPSCC were p16 positive. The sensitivity and specificity of ddPCR HPV E6\/E7 compared with p16 IHC in OPSCC was 91.3 and 100%, respectively. The amount of target RNA used was \u22641\u2009ng, 20\u201050 times lower than reported by other for RT\u2010qPCR HPV E6\/E7.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ddPCR of HPV E6\/E7 is a novel and highly specific method of detecting HPV\u201016 in OPSCC. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Cancer<\/jats:italic> 2016;122:1544\u201351<\/jats:bold>. \u00a9 <jats:italic>2016 American Cancer Society<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,19]],"date-time":"2016-03-19T02:59:12Z","timestamp":1458356352000},"page":"1544-1551","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Detection of human papillomavirus type 16 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Vincent L.","family":"Biron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morris","family":"Kostiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Isaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Puttagunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"O'Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W. 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