{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:42:11Z","timestamp":1777513331583,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There has been limited success in identifying prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer. A partial explanation may be that insufficient emphasis has been put on clearly defining what type of marker or patient category a biomarker study aims to identify and how different cohort characteristics affect the ability to identify such a marker. In this article, the authors put forth the ABC model of prostate cancer, which defines 3 groups of patients with localized disease that an investigator may seek to identify: patients who, within a given time frame, will not develop metastases even if untreated (category A), will not develop metastases because of radical treatment (category B), or will develop metastases despite radical treatment (category C). The authors demonstrate that follow\u2010up time and prostate\u2010specific antigen screening intensity influence the prevalence of patients in categories A, B, and C in a study cohort, and that prognostic markers must be tested in both treated and untreated cohorts to accurately distinguish the 3 groups. The authors suggest that more emphasis should be put on considering these factors when planning, conducting, and interpreting the results from prostate cancer biomarker studies, and propose the ABC model as a framework to aid in that process. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Cancer<\/jats:italic> 2017;123:1490\u20131496.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 <jats:italic>2017 American Cancer Society<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T14:20:43Z","timestamp":1486045243000},"page":"1490-1496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The ABC model of prostate cancer: A conceptual framework for the design and interpretation of prognostic studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Pettersson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Gerke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center Tampa Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yudi","family":"Pawitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Holmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward L.","family":"Giovannucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip W.","family":"Kantoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Olov","family":"Adami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorelei A.","family":"Mucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Transdisciplinary Prostate Cancer Partnership (ToPCaP)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197311)32:5<1104::AID-CNCR2820320515>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19960715)78:2<326::AID-CNCR21>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29408"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1311593"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113162"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2008.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn255"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1117679"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-0042"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2006.03.007"}],"container-title":["Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcncr.30582","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncr.30582","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T12:07:01Z","timestamp":1760270821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cncr.30582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cncr.30582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.30582","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-543X","1097-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-543X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]}}}