{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:09:27Z","timestamp":1763017767696,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CCSG PA30 CA016672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCSG PA30 CA016672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the introduction of effective, novel agents, the outcome of patients with refractory multiple myeloma remains poor, particularly those who are refractory to both proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs). Limited data are available on the role of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with refractory myeloma who underwent first autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto\u2010HCT) between March 2000 and October 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Those who had primary refractory disease and those with relapsed and refractory disease were included. Disease that was refractory to at least 1 PI and at least 1 IMiD was classified as double\u2010refractory multiple myeloma (DR\u2010MM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 233 patients were identified, including 105 (45%) classified with DR\u2010MM and 128 (55%) classified with nondouble\u2010refractory myeloma (NDR\u2010MM). At a median follow\u2010up of 42 months for surviving patients, at least a partial response was observed in 188 patients (81%; 83 patients in the DR\u2010MM group [79%] and 105 patients in the NDR\u2010MM [82%]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.77). A near complete response or better was observed in 52 patients (22%; 25 patients in the DR\u2010MM group [24%] and 27 patients in the NDR\u2010MM group [21%]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.77). The median progression\u2010free survival was 17.6 months (14.4 months in the DR\u2010MM group and 18.2 months in the NDR\u2010MM group), and the 2\u2010year progression\u2010free survival rate was 38% (35% in the DR\u2010MM group and 40% in the NDR\u2010MM group; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.40). The median overall survival was 48 months (38.9 months in the DR\u2010MM group and 56.6 months in the NDR\u2010MM group), and the 2\u2010year overall survival rate was 74% (71% in the DR\u2010MM group and 76% in the NDR\u2010MM group; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.27).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current findings indicate that auto\u2010HCT is an effective and safe therapy in patients with refractory multiple myeloma, including those who are refractory to IMiDs and PIs. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Cancer<\/jats:italic> 2017;123:3568\u201075.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 <jats:italic>2017 American Cancer Society<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T11:03:07Z","timestamp":1495018987000},"page":"3568-3575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Outcome of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in refractory multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2500-1988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren W.","family":"Veltri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Den\u00e1i R.","family":"Milton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruby","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1971-8173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krina","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yago","family":"Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Partow","family":"Kebriaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uday R.","family":"Popat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simrit","family":"Parmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1264-5968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Betul","family":"Oran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Ciurea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chitra","family":"Hosing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Manasanch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert Z.","family":"Orlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Shpall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard 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