{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:32:47Z","timestamp":1787657567560,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute that supports primary central nervous system lymphoma research","award":["K24CA125440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24CA125440"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute that supports primary central nervous system lymphoma research","award":["R13CA124293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R13CA124293"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and aggressive extranodal non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that is confined to the brain, eyes, spinal cord, or leptomeninges without systemic involvement. The overall prognosis, diagnosis, and management of PCNSL differ from those for other types of NHL. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment are vital for improving clinical outcomes. PCNSL is responsive to radiation therapy; however, whole\u2010brain radiotherapy (WBRT) inadequately controls the disease when it is used alone, and its delayed neurotoxicity causes neurocognitive impairment, especially in elderly patients. High\u2010dose methotrexate (HD\u2010MTX)\u2013based induction chemotherapy with or without autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) or reduced\u2010dose WBRT leads to durable disease control and less neurotoxicity. The optimal treatment has yet to be defined; however, HD\u2010MTX\u2013based induction chemotherapy is considered standard for newly diagnosed PCNSL. Ongoing randomized trials are addressing the roles of rituximab and consolidative treatment with ASCT or reduced\u2010dose WBRT. Despite high tumor response rates with the initial treatment, many patients relapse with a very poor prognosis. The optimal treatment for refractory or relapsed PCNSL is poorly defined. The choice of salvage treatment depends on a patient's age, previous treatment and response, performance status, and comorbidities at the time of relapse. This review provides an overview of the clinical features, diagnosis, pathology, and management of PCNSL in immunocompetent patients, and it focuses on recent advances in treatment.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Cancer<\/jats:italic>\n                      2017;123:4314\u201024\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    . \u00a9\n                    <jats:italic>2017 American Cancer Society<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T12:43:43Z","timestamp":1506429823000},"page":"4314-4324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Diagnosis and management of primary central nervous system lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1016-3113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine 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