{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T02:54:39Z","timestamp":1773802479085,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSGT\u201010\u2010114\u201001\u2010CPPB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSGT\u201010\u2010114\u201001\u2010CPPB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 CA153499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 CA153499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chinese American men smoke at a high rate, which puts household nonsmokers at risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief\u2010intensity versus moderate\u2010intensity smoke\u2010free\u2013living educational intervention for household pairs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors conducted a randomized controlled trial of Cantonese\u2010speaking Chinese American smoker and household nonsmoker pairs in San Francisco, California. Pairs were randomized to moderate\u2010intensity or brief\u2010intensity group sessions with their household partner. The moderate\u2010intensity group received 2 group sessions, a laboratory report of their baseline smoke exposure, as measured by 4\u2010(methylnitrosamino)\u20101\u2010(3\u2010pyridyl)\u20101\u2010butanol (NNAL), and 3 follow\u2010up calls over 6 months. The brief\u2010intensity group received 1 group session on tobacco\u2010cessation resources. Primary outcomes were biochemically validated, past\u2010month smoking abstinence and elimination of nonsmoker household exposure at 12 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participant pairs (n = 203) were male smokers, one\u2010half of whom did not intend to quit within 6 months, with mostly female spouses as household nonsmokers. Approximately three\u2010quarters of nonsmokers in both groups already had smoke\u2010free home rules. At 12 months, smokers in both groups had similar biochemically validated 30\u2010day abstinence rates (moderate\u2010intensity group, 0%\u201020.7%; brief\u2010intensity group, 0%\u201020.0%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .002 over time). More smokers in the moderate\u2010intensity group used subsequent cessation group classes (moderate\u2010intensity group, 50%; brief\u2010intensity group, 24%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .004). Household nonsmokers in both groups had similar biochemically validated rates of no home exposure (moderate\u2010intensity group, 24.5%\u201042.2%; brief\u2010intensity group, 24.8%\u201033.3%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .0001 over time).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A moderate\u2010intensity smoke\u2010free\u2013living educational intervention for Chinese\u2010speaking household pairs was not more effective than a brief\u2010intensity intervention for smoking abstinence and elimination of household nonsmoker exposure. Abstinence rates were similar to those achieved with standard group counseling. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Cancer<\/jats:italic> 2018;124:1590\u20108<\/jats:bold>. \u00a9 <jats:italic>2018 American Cancer Society<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]],"date-time":"2018-04-06T12:05:21Z","timestamp":1523016321000},"page":"1590-1598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of a smoke\u2010free\u2013living educational intervention for smokers and household nonsmokers: A randomized trial of Chinese American pairs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Elisa K.","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of California\u2010Davis Sacramento 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California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janice Y.","family":"Tsoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California\u2010San Francisco San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update\u2014Clinical Practice Guideline","author":"Fiore M","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"CD002928","article-title":"Enhancing partner support to improve smoking cessation [serial online]","volume":"7","author":"Park 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